The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology
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Observational Study
Novel magnetic resonance technique for functional imaging of cystic fibrosis lung disease.
Lung function tests are commonly used to monitor lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). While practical, they cannot locate the exact origin of functional impairment. Contemporary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide information on the location of disease but the need for contrast agents constrains their repeated application. ⋯ RFV and RQ correlated strongly with LCI (r=0.76, p<0.0001 and r=0.85, p<0.0001, respectively), as did total morphology score (r=0.81, p<0.0001). All indices differed significantly between patients with CF and healthy controls (p<0.001). Noninvasive functional MRI is a promising method to detect and visualise perfusion and ventilation impairment in CF without the need for contrast agents.
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Observational Study
Outcomes in coronary artery disease patients with sleepy obstructive sleep apnoea on CPAP.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) compared with CAD patients without OSA. We aimed to address if the risk is similar in both groups when OSA patients are treated. This study was a parallel observational arm of the RICCADSA randomised controlled trial, conducted in Sweden between 2005 and 2013. ⋯ The incidence of MACCEs was 23.2% in OSA patients versus 16.1% in those with no OSA (adjusted hazard ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.40-2.31; p=0.923). Age and previous revascularisation were associated with increased risk for MACCEs, whereas coronary artery bypass grafting at baseline was associated with reduced risk. We conclude that the risk for MACCEs was not increased in CAD patients with sleepy OSA on CPAP compared with patients without OSA.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Air pollution and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) air-lung study.
We studied whether ambient air pollution is associated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and high attenuation areas (HAAs), which are qualitative and quantitative measurements of subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) on computed tomography (CT). We performed analyses of community-based dwellers enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. We used cohort-specific spatio-temporal models to estimate ambient pollution (fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)) at each home. ⋯ There was an overall trend towards an association between higher exposure to NOx and greater progression of HAAs (0.45% annual increase in HAAs per 40 ppb increment in NOx; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.92, p = 0.06). Associations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), NOx and NO2 concentrations with progression of HAAs varied by race/ethnicity (p = 0.002, 0.007, 0.04, respectively, for interaction) and were strongest among non-Hispanic white people. We conclude that ambient air pollution exposures were associated with subclinical ILD.