European journal of clinical nutrition
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Long-term effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets are unclear. We examined a low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) score in relation to mortality. ⋯ Our results do not support a clear, general association between LCHP score and mortality. Studies encompassing a wider range of macronutrient consumption may be necessary to detect such an association.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose-sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink: a controlled trial.
Observational studies indicate that sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) may promote obesity, among other factors, owing to low-satiating effects. The effect of energy in drinks on appetite is still unclear. We examined the effect of two isocaloric, but macronutrient, different beverages (SSSD versus semi-skimmed milk) and two non-energy-containing beverages (aspartame-sweetened soft drink (ASSD) and water) on appetite, appetite-regulating hormones and energy intake (EI). ⋯ Milk increased appetite scores and GLP-1 and GIP responses compared with SSSD. The energy containing beverages were not compensated by decreased EI at the following meal, emphasizing the risk of generating a positive energy balance by consuming energy containing beverages. Furthermore, there were no indications of ASSD increased appetite or EI compared with water.
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Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/l). We aimed to examine the effect of gender on vitamin D status in severe obesity. ⋯ Morbidly obese Norwegian men seeking weight loss treatment have significantly higher odds of vitamin D deficiency than women. Monitoring of 25(OH)D concentrations in obese patients should therefore take gender into account.
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Comparative Study
Sex-specific relationships between adiposity and anthropometric measures and carotid intima-media thickness in Koreans: the Healthy Twin Study.
Increased adiposity, shorter stature, shorter leg length and carotid intima-media thickening are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease. This study aimed to evaluate the sex-specific phenotypic and genetic associations between adiposity and anthropometric measures and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). ⋯ In this Korean twins and families, we found sex-specific associations between adiposity and anthropometric measures and the IMT at each segment of the carotid artery, and BMI and WC in men can be indicators predicting carotid intima-media thickening regardless of age and CV risk factors.