European journal of clinical nutrition
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Comparative Study
Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: the influence of reporting bias on apparent socioeconomic variation in nutrient intakes.
To assess socio-economic differences in nutrient intake, giving particular consideration to the influence of reporting bias. ⋯ Low energy reporting is a major source of bias in dietary surveys and its prevalence shows a marked inverse association with socio-economic status. The energy adjustment method provides an approach which reduces this bias without exclusion of low energy reporters. Intakes of micronutrients including vitamin C, rather than fatty acids, showed associations with socio-economic status consistent with a dietary explanation for social inequalities in cardiovascular disease.
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To provide a reference range for plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), an independent risk factor for vascular disease, and to explore relationships with nutritional indices for people aged 65 y and over, in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). ⋯ The concentrations of tHcy found in this study provide a reference range for people aged 65 y and over, in mainland Britain. tHcy is a valuable functional index of micronutrient status and intakes for British people aged 65 y and over, which can assist the development of health-promotion strategies.
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To explore the relationship between urinary sodium (the best measure of salt intake), urinary calcium, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPYR) and bone mass. ⋯ This study has shown that salt intake is associated with markers of bone resorption in a population-based sample of males and females and appears likely to be a risk factor for osteoporosis despite the lack of a demonstrable association between bone mass and a single measure of urinary sodium excretion. Further studies are needed to define the effect of salt intake on bone mass and fractures more clearly. These studies will need to be either longitudinal or interventional in design with repeated measures of urinary sodium so that habitual sodium intake can be accurately assessed and regression dilution bias can be minimised.
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To determine the effects of dietary, physiological or environmental factors on body iron levels in infants aged 4-18 months. ⋯ At 4 months of age birth weight and body weight exert the greatest influence on iron stores, whereas by 8 months components of the weaning diet have an effect (commercial babyfood (+ve), cow's milk (-ve)); there is also a gender effect (girls > boys), possibly reflecting the different growth rate between boys and girls. At 12 and 18 months the only significant factors are gender (girls > boys) and non-haem iron intake (-ve) respectively.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Enhanced plasma level of lipid peroxidation in Iranians could be improved by antioxidants supplementation.
To study the influence of supplementation with antioxidants on factors, which might increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Iranians. ⋯ This study shows that high plasma MDA level of Iranians can be decreased by beta-carotene supplementation with or without alpha-tocopherol. However, alpha-tocopherol is a more powerful antioxidant, which can increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation, reduce the MDA concentrations in plasma and increase autoantibodies to oLDL.