Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America
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Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · May 2011
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza in hospitalized children in Manitoba: nosocomial transmission and lessons learned from the first wave.
To review the experiences at Winnipeg Children's Hospital (WCH) during the 2009 influenza season, with an emphasis on nosocomial transmission and infection prevention and control responses. ⋯ Infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus resulted in a substantial number of hospitalizations of pediatric patients in Manitoba, including those with nosocomial cases, thereby stressing the capacity of WCH. Immediate therapy with oseltamivir on admission to the hospital resulted in a significantly reduced length of hospitalization. This, coupled with intensified infection prevention and control practices, halted nosocomial transmission. These strategies should be considered in future pandemic influenza or other respiratory viral outbreaks.
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Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · Apr 2011
Impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among S. aureus isolates on surgical site infection risk after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Cephalosporins are recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent cardiothoracic surgical site infections (SSIs) except in patients with β-lactam allergy or in settings with a "high" prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among S. aureus isolates (hereafter, "MRSA prevalence"); however, "high" remains undefined. We sought to identify the MRSA prevalence at which glycopeptide prophylaxis would minimize SSIs relative to β-lactam prophylaxis. ⋯ Glycopeptide prophylaxis minimizes the risk of SSIs and cost when MRSA prevalence exceeds 3%. At very low MRSA prevalence (between 3% and 10%), the SSI minimization provided by glycopeptide prophylaxis is small and may be within the error of the model. Given the current MRSA prevalence in most community and healthcare settings, clinicians should consider routine prophylaxis with vancomycin. Our findings may have important policy implications, as benefits in cardiothoracic surgery antibiotic prophylaxis must be weighed against the limitations of increased glycopeptide use.
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Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · Apr 2011
Collaborative cohort study of an intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit.
To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention on compliance with evidence-based therapies and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates. ⋯ A multifaceted intervention was associated with an increased use of evidence-based therapies and a substantial (up to 71%) and sustained (up to 2.5 years) decrease in VAP rates.
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Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · Apr 2011
Blood concentrations of chlorhexidine in hospitalized children undergoing daily chlorhexidine bathing.
We collected serial blood samples from children in the intensive care unit who underwent daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths. Low concentrations of CHG were detected in a few blood samples, indicating absorption through intact skin. There was no suggestion that CHG accumulated in the blood with repeated exposures.
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Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · Apr 2011
The network approach for prevention of healthcare-associated infections: long-term effect of participation in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network.
To describe the rates of several key outcomes and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among hospitals that participated in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (DICON). ⋯ Hospitals with long-term participation in an infection control network decreased rates of significant HAIs by approximately 50%, decreased costs, and saved lives.