Clinical anatomy : official journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists
-
Accessory-suprascapular nerve transfer by the anterior supraclavicular approach technique was suggested to ensure transferrance of the spinal accessory nerve to healthy recipients. However, a double crush lesion of the suprascapular nerve might not be sufficiently demonstrated. In that case, accessory-suprascapular nerve transfer by the posterior approach would probably solve the problem. ⋯ The mean number of myelinated axons of the spinal accessory and suprascapular nerve was 1,603 and 6,004 axons, respectively. The results of this study supported the brachial plexus reconstructive surgeons, who carry out accessory-suprascapular nerve transfer by using the posterior approach technique. This technique is an alternative for patients who have severe crushed injury of the shoulder or suspected double crush lesion of the suprascapular nerve.
-
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) can be a source of low back pain. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been reported to play a significant role in nociceptive processing. However, the occurrence of CGRP-immunoreactive (CGRP-ir) sensory nerve fibers in the SIJ has not been fully defined. ⋯ In the case of ventral denervation (dorsal nerve supply), the CGRP-ir neurons composed 40.9% of the F-G-labeled neurons. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of CGRP-ir neurons between the ventral and dorsal nerve supplies to the SIJ. The cranial part of the dorsal side could be the part most associated with pain in the SIJ.
-
Failure to block the terminal nerves of the brachial plexus, the circumferential type of incomplete axillary brachial plexus block, is the main problem of the single-injection technique. Two studies were carried out to observe the internal anatomy of the axillary sheath and the effect of different volumes of dye injected into the sheath in cadavers. In our first study, the internal arrangement of the axillary sheath and its septae were examined microscopically by slicing the sheath longitudinally and transversely. ⋯ This study shows that septae from the deep surface of the axillary sheath form compartments for each nerve. The septae function as barriers under physiologic conditions. By increasing the injected volume of solutions, bubble-like defects are produced in the septae in the compartments into which leakage was demonstrated.
-
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be regarded as the gold standard for muscle imaging; however there is little knowledge about in vivo morphometric features of neck extensor muscles in healthy subjects and how muscle size alters across vertebral segments. It is not known how body size and activity levels may influence neck muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) or if the muscles differ from left and right. The purpose of this study was to establish relative CSA (rCSA) data for the cervical extensor musculature with a reliable MRI measure in asymptomatic females within a defined age range and to determine if side-side and vertebral level differences exist. ⋯ Activity levels were shown to impact on the size of semispinalis cervicis (P = 0.027), semispinalis capitis (P = 0.003), and the splenius capitis (P = 0.004). In conclusion, measuring differences in neck extensor muscle rCSA with MRI in an asymptomatic population provides the basis for future study investigating relationships between muscular atrophy and symptoms in patients suffering from persistent neck pain. Clin.
-
The larynx and its associated structures derive their chief source of innervation from the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Surgery of the larynx requires a sound knowledge of the normal anatomy as well as variations that may be encountered in this region. ⋯ In addition, we report on bilateral innervation of the respective ipsilateral aryepiglottic, transverse, and oblique arytenoid muscles by the internal laryngeal nerve, which is contrary to the classical descriptions of this nerve. The anatomic features are described and clinical implications are highlighted.