Current opinion in psychiatry
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For over 30 years, delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) has been defined as a debilitating sleep condition. Recently, there is more awareness of DSPD in young people, yet considerable information is needed to understand its cause and treatment. This review describes the latest research findings describing the clinical features, cause, and treatment of DSPD. ⋯ Recent findings suggest clinicians to be aware of the clinical features (i.e., significant daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depression symptoms, potential for school dropout) of DSPD, as several biological features underpinning this disorder are unseen in clinical settings. We advise clinicians to become familiar with exogenous evening melatonin administration, and cognitive and behavioral techniques to simultaneously treat the delayed circadian rhythm and associated sleep-onset insomnia.
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This review summarizes recent evidence on psychological treatments for eating disorders. ⋯ Significant advances in treatments have been made, including evaluation of long-term outcomes, novel approaches, and tailored extension for specific patient profiles. However, widespread access to effective eating disorder treatments remains limited. Increasing the potency and expanding the implementation of psychological treatments beyond research settings into clinical practice has strong potential to increase access to care, thereby reducing the burden of eating disorders.
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Curr Opin Psychiatry · Sep 2013
ReviewClassification systems in psychiatry: diagnosis and global mental health in the era of DSM-5 and ICD-11.
The development of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and- of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) have led to renewed attention to the conceptual controversies surrounding the nosology of mental disorder. This article reviews recent work in this area, and suggests potential ways forward for psychiatric nosology, focusing in particular on the need for improved classification approaches for public and global mental health. ⋯ In their day-to-day work, clinicians will continue to use the fuzzy constructs operationally defined and narratively depicted in DSM-5 and ICD-11. Advances in our understanding of the individual-level and society-level causal mechanisms that contribute to vulnerability to mental disorder may ultimately lead to improved classification systems, and in turn to better individualized care as well as improved global mental health.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is associated with significant individual and socioeconomic burden. Recent research has begun to acknowledge the important role of psychological factors in the course and management of the disease. Therefore, the present review provides an overview on recent findings on psychological factors in COPD with a specific focus on anxiety and depression. ⋯ Comorbid anxiety and depression in patients with COPD are a major health problem requiring intensified research activities. Future studies need to examine the exact links between COPD and these psychological comorbidities, and how their detection and treatment can be improved in the clinical setting.