Journal of neurotrauma
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2022
Restoration of aberrant shape of caudate sub-regions associated with cognitive function improvement in mild traumatic brain injury.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an important but less recognized public health concern. Research shows that altered subcortical structures mediate cognitive impairment in patients with mTBI. This has been performed mostly using voxel-based morphometry methods and traditional volume measurement methods, which have certain limitations. ⋯ Different aberrant shapes of the caudate subregions were observed at the acute phase, which revealed atrophy in the bilateral dorsal medial caudate, and increase in the size of the right ventral anterior caudate in patients with mTBI related to HCs. Moreover, specific and significant shape restoration of right dorsal medial caudate in mTBI was observed at the subacute phase, which significantly associated with the cognitive function improvement of the patients. These findings suggest that the restoration of the aberrant shape atrophy of the right dorsal medial caudate plays a vital role in the improvement of cognitive function of patients with mTBI, providing an alternative clinical target for these patients.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2022
Repeated subconcussive exposure alters low-frequency neural oscillation in memory retrieval processing.
Repeated subconcussive head impacts are frequently experienced by athletes involved in competitive sports, such as boxing. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in working memory performance and memory retrieval-related neural oscillations in boxing athletes who experienced repeated subconcussive head impacts. Twenty-one boxing athletes (boxing group) and 25 matched controls (control group) completed a modified visual working memory task, and their continuous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected simultaneously. ⋯ Moreover, a negative correlation was found between frontal beta synchronization and reaction time for most set sizes in both groups. The present study was the first to reveal the underlying working memory deficits caused by the cumulative effects of boxing-related subconcussive head impacts from the perspective of behavior and EEG time-frequency oscillations. Joint analysis of EEG low-frequency oscillations and the innovative task with multiple challenging load conditions may serve as a promising way to detect concealed deficiencies within working memory processing.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2022
Symptom Frequency and Persistence in the First Year after Traumatic Brain Injury: a TRACK-TBI study.
Symptom endorsement after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common acutely post-injury and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Prevalence of persistent symptoms has been debated, especially in mild TBI (mTBI). A cohort of participants ≥17 years with TBI (n = 2039), 257 orthopedic trauma controls (OTCs), and 300 friend controls (FCs) were enrolled in the TRACK-TBI study and evaluated at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). ⋯ A majority of TBI participants who endorsed a symptom at 3 months or later did so at the next evaluation as well. Contrary to reviews that report symptom resolution by 3 months post-injury among those with mTBI, this study of participants treated at level 1 trauma centers and having a computed tomography ordered found that persistent symptoms are common to at least a year after TBI. Additionally, although symptom endorsement was not specific to TBI given that they were also reported by OTC and FC participants, TBI participants endorsed over twice the symptom burden compared with the other groups.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2022
Predicting Neurological Deterioration after Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model Based on Data Collected on Admission.
Moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a heterogeneous entity that is poorly defined in the literature. Patients with mTBI have a high rate of neurological deterioration (ND), which is usually accompanied by poor prognosis and no definitive methods to predict. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a prediction model that estimates the ND risk in patients with mTBI using data collected on admission. ⋯ The results of external validation showed that the nomogram could predict ND with an area under the curve of 0.827 (95% CI: 0.763-0.880). The present model, based on simple parameters collected on admission, can predict the risk of ND in patients with mTBI accurately. The high discriminative ability indicates the potential of this model for classifying patients with mTBI according to ND risk.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2022
Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Risk of Concussion: Findings from the NCAA-DOD CARE Consortium (2014 - 2017).
Evidence suggests neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) may be associated with an increased incidence of concussion, but no studies have cross-sectionally and longitudinally assessed the associations of NDs and sex with concussion in collegiate athletes. We sought to assess the odds and relative risk (RR) of concussion in athletes self-reporting a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability (LD), and ADHD+LD. Data from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium (2014-2017) were used to evaluate the likelihood of concussion for male and female athletes with ADHD, LD, and ADHD+LD, relative to controls. ⋯ These results suggest NDs may be associated with increased odds of single and multiple concussions, irrespective of sex. However, when we accounted for concussion history, it appears only male athletes with ADHD+LD had greater risk than respective controls. There were no significant differences between females and males with ADHD, LD, or ADHD+LD for either odds of concussion history or risk for incurring concussion.