Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Jun 2012
ReviewPreoperative evaluation, premedication, and induction of anesthesia in infants and children.
Preparation for and induction of anesthesia in children has evolved significantly over the last decade, with particular reference to the reduction of perioperative anxiety reduction by nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic means. Several new large population studies and meta-analyses further scrutinize the current techniques. ⋯ Larger studies still need to be conducted before wide-scale application of many nonpharmalogical interventions such as parental acupuncture. Similarly, more investigation should be done on outcomes such as onset, emergence, and discharge times, as well as the postoperative response with reference to emergence delirium and postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention to outline the differences among sedative premedications such as midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine.
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This review summarizes recent developments in maternal mortality surveillance, and draws from recent confidential mortality reports to suggest ways the anesthesiologist can contribute to safer systems of care. ⋯ A growing number of countries and organizations have established systems for comprehensive maternal death surveillance and confidential review to ensure that each death counts and that the lessons learned are widely disseminated to improve future maternal safety.