Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Apr 2020
ReviewFrom the ICU to the operating room: how to manage the patient?
To outline key points for perioperative ICU optimization of nutrition, airway management, blood product preparation and transfusion, antibiotic prophylaxis and transport. ⋯ ICU patients who require surgery may benefit from appropriate perioperative management.
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Organ transplantation has largely expanded over the last decades and despite several improvements have been made in the complex process occurring between the identification of organ donors and organ transplant, there is still a chronic inability to meet the needs of patients. Consequently, the optimization of the transplant process through its different steps is crucial, and the role of the intensivists is fundamental as it requires clinical, managerial and communication skills to avoid the loss of potential donors. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the transplant process from the early identification of the donor, to transplant. The two main pathways of organ donation will be discussed: donation after death by neurologic criteria and the donation after cardiac death (DCD). ⋯ The major change in the process of organ donation has been to implement parallel DCD and donation after brain death pathways. However, more research is needed for improving quality and number of transplanted organs.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Apr 2020
ReviewPoint-of-Care diagnostics of coagulation in the management of bleeding and transfusion in trauma patients.
Trauma-associated bleeding and coagulopathy require timely identification, prevention, and effective treatment. The present review summarizes the recent literature around point-of-care (POC) coagulation tests, their usefulness in the management of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), their impact on trauma patient outcomes, and the requirement of quality assurance. ⋯ In contrast to an abundance of reviews and practical approaches to POC coagulation management in trauma patients, there is a scarcity of research in the field and large-scale clinical trials are urgently needed. The paneuropean multicenter trial Implementing Treatment Algorithms for the Correction of Trauma Induced Coagulopathy (iTACTIC) will inform on the potential of viscoelastic tests to augment transfusion protocols for better patient outcomes.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Apr 2020
ReviewInflammatory response in trauma patients: are there ways to decrease the inflammatory reaction?
Trauma patients are considered a complex population of patients in emergency medicine and need extensive, specialized therapy. One major part is the prevention and treatment of the inflammatory response, which occurs in patients after severe injury resulting in complications like endotheliopathy. Likely as a consequence, coagulopathy occurs. Sterile inflammation is hard to address, especially because of the lack of a single activator. Moreover, it is a complex composition of factors that lead to a pathologic immune response. Our understanding of these patterns is increasing, but the complete pathophysiologic changes have yet to be investigated. Therefore, there is no specific target to treat inflammatory response in trauma patients at the moment. ⋯ Our increasing understanding of the immune system have led to new potential therapeutic perspectives. All of these approaches need further research to be validated. As the current therapies are based on empirical strategies and have not changed much over the years, new treatment options would be an important progress.