Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Oct 2019
ReviewCan recent chronic pain techniques help with acute perioperative pain?
This article discussed how the knowledge and technique of a few chronic pain procedures benefited the perioperative clinicians in their care of patients receiving specific orthopaedic surgical procedures. ⋯ Despite the widespread use of regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the perioperative pain management, more than two-third of the patients reported severe postoperative pain. Therefore, other therapeutic strategies used in chronic pain management such as radiofrequency ablation and neuromodulation have been proposed to optimize acute postsurgical pain. The early experience with those techniques is encouraging, and more studies are required to explore the incorporation of these procedures in the perioperative care.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Oct 2019
ReviewTransfusion in adults and children undergoing neurosurgery: the outcome evidence.
Transfusion is a common practice during neurosurgery. However, there is no evidence-based consensus on transfusion practice in neurosurgery. This review summarizes the evidence pertinent to the commonly used transfusion triggers in neurosurgical patients. ⋯ There is a scarcity of high-quality outcome-based evidence for transfusion practice in neurosurgery. In the absence of quality evidence, the transfusion practice in neurosurgical patients should be based on the understanding of the complex pathophysiology related to anemia and coagulopathy and the balance between the risks and benefits associated with blood product transfusion. The practice guided by tissue oximeter and viscoelastic tests appears promising, but needs to be validated by future studies.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Oct 2019
ReviewThe impact of frailty and sarcopenia on patient outcomes after complex spine surgery.
Frailty and sarcopenia represent a state of increased fragility and decreased reserve, and both have been associated with worse outcomes after surgery. The present review focuses on the definitions and measurement tools used to assess frailty and sarcopenia in patients with spinal disorder, and the relationships between frailty, sarcopenia, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing complex spine surgery. ⋯ Frailty and sarcopenia are increasingly recognized as important predictors of adverse outcomes after complex spine surgery. The optimal tool to measure frailty and sarcopenia in patients with spinal disorders remains unclear, and the role of surgery as an intervention to reverse frailty requires further investigation.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Oct 2019
ReviewAwake craniotomy: anesthetic considerations based on outcome evidence.
This review highlights anaesthesia management options for awake craniotomy and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, intraoperative complications and future directions. ⋯ Several anaesthetic approaches are available for the management of patients during awake craniotomy. The choice of technique should be based on individual patient factors, location and duration of surgery, and anaesthesiologist expertise and experience. Appropriate patient selection and excellent multidisciplinary team working is associated with high levels of procedural success and patient satisfaction.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Oct 2019
ReviewThe role of gabapentinoids in acute and chronic pain after surgery.
Gabapentinoid use has increased substantially in the past several years after initial promising data with regard to acute perioperative pain control. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the evidence for the use of gabapentinoids for acute pain management and its impact on the development of chronic pain after surgery. ⋯ Current evidence does not support the routine use of gabapentinoids as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen in enhanced recovery pathways. We recommend being selective with regard to using gabapentinoids for acute postoperative pain management after careful consideration of the potential side effect profile based on patient comorbidities as well as the expected severity of postoperative pain. Large, high-quality trials are needed to identify the impact of gabapentinoids in the context of multimodal anagelsia.