Cadernos de saúde pública
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jan 2004
[Free informed consent: the experience of Brazilian researchers in the area of fertility regulation].
This study aimed to evaluate the experience of Brazilian researchers in relation to: assessment of the research protocol by a research ethics committee with the elaboration of a free informed term of consent (FITC) and the process of obtaining consent, as well as to verify whether the content and wording of the term of consent complies with Federal Ruling 196/96. Thirty-four researchers filled out a questionnaire and returned it by electronic mail. ⋯ Approximately one half of participants stated that the form of reimbursement of subjects was specified in the FITC, and 44% reported the same in relation to occasional damages resulting from the study. According to participants, in general the provisions of Ruling 196/96 had been met.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jan 2003
[The sociocultural basis for indigenous peoples' health advocacy: problems and issues in the Northern Region of Brazil].
This article discusses the sociocultural basis for indigenous peoples' health advocacy in Brazil. The discussion follows two main lines of reasoning: (1) advocacy or "social control" at the local level and the functioning of local or district-level health councils and (2) the interface between the relations among large indigenous peoples' organizations in the Northern Region of Brazil and the managers of public policies for indigenous peoples' health. The information was gathered through participatory observation in regional and national health meetings and follow-up on local and district-based health councils. The article demonstrates the reinforcement of the ethnic/political movement generated by the partnership with the Ministry of Health and the contradictions generated by measures affecting indigenous peoples' health.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Nov 2002
Globalization and disease: in an unequal world, unequal health!
In this paper, originally presented at an event held by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States, the author analyzes the repercussions of globalization on various health aspects: the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases, bioterrorism, and new behavioral patterns in health, among others. He goes on to examine the positive and negative effects of international agreements on health, particularly in the trade area, including the TRIPS Agreement on medicines in the area of public health. The paper concludes that the resumption of cooperation among nations is the best way to achieve world progress in public health.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Sep 2002
[Criteria for definition of environmental contamination indicators related to solid waste from health care facilities: a proposal for evaluation].
The objective of this study was to identify target microorganisms as indicators of environmental contamination. The study evaluates the main environmental aspects and epidemiological chain related to such agents. ⋯ The specialists' multidisciplinary background, including professionals from the health field and an environmental microbiologist, helped define environmental contamination indicators by consensus. Pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis A and B viruses were specifically identified as capable of environmental survival or resistance.
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Cadernos de saúde pública · Jul 2002
Review[Health systems reform and equity in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons from the 1980s and 1990s].
This essay proposes a review of the issues of equity and reform in Latin America and the Caribbean in the context of changes in recent decades, emphasizing the discussion of health systems reform. The economic, political, and social context prevailing in the critical 1970s extensively favored budget cuts for public expenditures, cost containment, changes in the health sector power structure, and health services reorganization from an 'economicist', pragmatic, and restrictive perspective. ⋯ Some positive results of these processes were diluted in new problems caused by the reforms themselves, especially in countries with more radical adherence to the new reformist model; meanwhile, in the country where the public, universal system based on solidarity was most consolidated, the management changes have obtained the best results. However, overcoming inequalities is still a distant goal.