Rehabilitation psychology
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Rehabilitation psychology · May 2018
Observational StudyPsychological symptoms and perceived cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: The role of rumination.
Perceived cognitive impairment is a common concern among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with prevalent psychological symptoms, namely depression and anxiety. The mechanisms by which these psychological symptoms are associated with perceived cognitive impairment among people diagnosed with MS have been unexplored. A possible mechanism is rumination, a maladaptive form of self-reflection that is commonly associated with anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of symptoms of anxiety and depression with perceived cognitive impairment, and to examine whether anxiety and depression indirectly affect cognitive impairment through rumination. Research Method/Design: The study utilized a cross-sectional observational design. People diagnosed with MS (N = 111) were recruited from an MS clinic in Toronto, and through the community. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that included the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). Two indirect effect statistical analyses were conducted using bootstrapping techniques. ⋯ These findings provide additional support for previous research examining the relationship between psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression) and perceived cognitive impairment, and enrich our understanding of a potential mechanism driving these relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Rehabilitation psychology · May 2018
It takes two: Parent functioning within the pediatric chronic pain experience and interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment.
The present study aims to examine relationships between parental behavior and cognition and treatment outcomes in children enrolled in an intensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program. ⋯ Parents are an integral part of a child's pain experience and associated disability. An improvement in parent functioning in the course of chronic pain rehabilitation is linked with functional gains in the child. Future research and clinical programming should target the role of parents in pediatric chronic pain interventions in order to optimize both child and family functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Rehabilitation psychology · Nov 2017
Multicenter StudyNIH toolbox cognition tests following traumatic brain injury: Frequency of low scores.
To apply multivariate base rate analyses to the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to facilitate the identification of cognitive impairment in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research Method/Design: In a multisite cross-sectional design, 158 participants who sustained a complicated mild or moderate TBI (n = 74) or severe TBI (n = 84) at least 1 year earlier were administered the NIHTB-CB. The NIHTB-CB is comprised of 2 crystallized cognition tests (reflecting premorbid ability) and 5 fluid cognition tests, measuring processing speed, memory, and executive functioning. Base rates for obtaining 0 to 5 low fluid cognition scores were calculated across a range of cutoffs for defining a low test score (≤25th to 5th percentiles). Base rates of low scores in the TBI sample were compared to the NIHTB-CB normative sample using diagnostic accuracy statistics. ⋯ Premorbid ability stratified base rate tables provided in this article can guide researchers and clinicians in the interpretation of NIHTB-CB performance in adults with TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Rehabilitation psychology · Nov 2017
Using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
The NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological Behavior and Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is a common data element for use in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study evaluates its sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing individuals with complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI, and provides support for the construct validity of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with TBI. ⋯ Findings provide evidence of construct validity and the clinical utility of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Rehabilitation psychology · Aug 2017
The Kennedy Krieger Independence Scales-Sickle Cell Disease: Executive components of transition readiness.
Youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at an increased risk for executive dysfunction and simultaneously have increased self-management needs compared to typical adolescents. This unique combination may contribute, in part, to difficulties during transition to young adulthood. Current measures assessing adaptive skills do not assess the executive components (e.g., initiation, prospective memory) of SCD-related self-care tasks. Modeled on the KKIS-Spina Bifida (Jacobson et al., 2013), the Kennedy Krieger Independence Scales-Sickle Cell Disease (KKIS-SCD) is a new caregiver-report measure that assesses independence with self-management of SCD-specific demands as well as routine daily activities in adolescents with SCD. Research Method/Design: Thirty-three youth with SCD and their caregivers participated in this preliminary validation study examining the construct validity of the KKIS-SCD total and composite scores (Initiation of Routines, Prospective Memory) and exploring relationships of this measure with intellectual functioning, demographic factors, illness severity, and age. ⋯ Results provide preliminary support for the KKIS-SCD as a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of executive components of self-care management skills for youth with SCD. Identifying specific weaknesses in executive function related to self-care management skills might assist in guiding intervention and individualizing transition planning in these at-risk youth. (PsycINFO Database Record