Journal of internal medicine
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To examine the association between the MTNR1B G risk allele, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronotype in the UK Biobank. ⋯ Our findings suggest that the MTNR1B G risk allele and late chronotype increase the risk of T2D. The association between late chronotype and higher risk of T2D appears to vary across MTNR1B rs10830963 genotypes.
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Comparative Study
Weight of salivary gland ultrasonography compared to other items of the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for Primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is widely used for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Our objective was to assess the contribution of SGUS compared to other items of the 2016 ACR/EULAR pSS classification criteria, based on expert opinion. ⋯ SGUS had similar weight compared to minor items, and its addition improves the performance of the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria.
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Acetylcholine (ACh) is best known as a neurotransmitter and was the first such molecule identified. ACh signalling in the neuronal cholinergic system has long been known to regulate numerous biological processes (reviewed by Beckmann and Lips). In actuality, ACh is a ubiquitous signalling molecule that is produced by numerous non-neuronal cell types and even by some single-celled organisms. ⋯ Furthermore, during infection this immune-derived ACh is necessary for the T cells to migrate into infected tissues. In this review, we will discuss the various sources of ACh that are relevant during immune responses and describe how ACh acts on immune cells to influence their functions. We will also address the clinical implications of this fascinating aspect of immunity, focusing on ACh's role in the migration of T cells during infection and cancer.
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Co-exposure to environmental contaminants present in fish could mitigate the beneficial effects of fish consumption and possibly explain the lack of association observed for mortality in some geographical regions. ⋯ The beneficial effect of fish consumption on the cardiovascular system seems compromised by co-exposure to PCBs - one likely explanation for the inconsistent associations observed between fish consumption and mortality.
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To compare diclofenac use before and after implementation of European risk minimization measures in 2013, focusing on diclofenac initiators and prevalence of congestive heart failure (NYHA class II-IV), ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular disease (new contraindications) in these patients in Germany. ⋯ The overall decline of about 30% in diclofenac initiation between 2011 and 2014 was largely independent of the presence or absence of new contraindications. The proportion of diclofenac initiators with a new contraindication remained at a high level (more than one in ten patients), demonstrating the need for research at the prescriber level (e.g. interventional studies) and further measures to improve patient safety.