Journal of internal medicine
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Excessive chronic inflammation is linked to many diseases and considered a stress factor in humans (Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: W. B. ⋯ Electrical stimulation of human vagus in vitro reduces both prostaglandins and leukotrienes and enhances resolvins and the other SPM. These results elucidate a host protective mechanism mediated by vagus stimulation of SPM that includes resolvins and PCTR1 to regulate myeloid antimicrobial functions and resolution of infection. Moreover, they define a new pro-resolution of inflammation reflex operative in mice and human tissue that involves a vagus SPM circuit.
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The systemic regulation of immune reactions by the nervous system is well studied and depends on the release of hormones. Some regional regulations of immune reactions, on the other hand, depend on specific neural pathways. Better understanding of these regulations will expand therapeutic applications for neuroimmune and organ-to-organ functional interactions. ⋯ For example, neural stimulation by gravity creates the initial entry point to the CNS by CNS-reactive pathogenic CD4+ T cells at the dorsal vessels of fifth lumbar spinal cord, while pain opens the gateway at the ventral side of blood vessels in the spinal cord. In addition, it was recently found that local inflammation by the gateway reflex in the brain triggers the activation of otherwise resting neural circuits to dysregulate organ functions in the periphery including the upper gastrointestinal tract and heart. Therefore, the gateway reflex represents a novel bidirectional neuroimmune interaction that regulates organ functions and could be a promising target for bioelectric medicine.
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Observational Study
Natural history of prediabetes in older adults from a population-based longitudinal study.
The natural history of prediabetes in older adults remains unknown. ⋯ During a 12-year follow-up, most of older adults with prediabetes remained stable or reverted to normoglycaemia, whereas only one-third developed diabetes or died. Lower SBP, no heart diseases and weight management may promote reversion to normoglycaemia, suggesting possible strategies for achieving normoglycaemia in older adults with prediabetes.
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Observational Study
Circulating microRNAs in suspected stable coronary artery disease: A coronary computed tomography angiography study.
To explore the diagnostic performance of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD). ⋯ This study identifies a group of circulating miRNAs that failed to improve the discrimination capacity of cardiovascular risk factors but that has the potential to define specific subpopulations of patients with suspected stable CAD.