Journal of internal medicine
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In 2015, a selective decrease in the glomerular filtration of middle-sized molecules such as cystatin C compared to small molecules such as creatinine was first described and tentatively termed "Shrunken pore syndrome." Numerous studies have thereafter found an association between this syndrome (defined by a low eGFRcystatin C to eGFRcreatinine ratio) and mortality and morbidity. In 2023, the syndrome was renamed selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes (SGHS) as shrunken pores are not the only pathophysiological mechanism. Recently, some studies have used the difference between eGFRcystatin C and eGFRcreatinine to describe a similar disorder, and this investigation compares the two measures. ⋯ The eGFRdifference is not superior to the eGFRratio in diagnosing SGHS or estimating mortality. However, as the two measures do not identify the same subpopulation, using them simultaneously might improve risk stratification.
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Statins are used for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (NAFLD) treatment, but their role in this context is unclear. Genetic variants of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) are associated with MASLD susceptibility and statin treatment efficacy. Access to liver biopsies before established MASLD is limited, and statins and PNPLA3 in early liver steatosis are thus difficult to study. ⋯ Collectively, these observations suggest statin-associated regulation of PNPLA3 and DNL in liver. The potential interaction between PNPLA3 genotype and metabolic status should be considered in future studies in the context of statin therapy for MASLD.
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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) injected during the COVID-19 convalescence period was safe and enhanced recovery from anosmia and dysgeusia in the acute phase. ⋯ Not tested for previous mycobacterial exposure; loss to follow-up, particularly at 12 months.
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Although glomerular diseases are the third most frequent cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide, little is known about their long-term outcomes. ⋯ Despite having a lower relative risk of hospitalization, cardiovascular events and mortality, patients with IgAN and FSGS are at higher risk of CKD progression than the most common etiologies of CKD, emphasizing the need for more stringent treatment strategies in these patients.
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To estimate the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death (CovH/D), among high-risk individuals early treated for COVID-19 and to identify associated factors. ⋯ Despite the administration of COVID-19 early treatment and the decreasing risk of CovH/D across the calendar periods, the elderly, the unvaccinated and the immunocompromised people remain at high risk of clinical progression.