Journal of internal medicine
-
Review
Cognitive dysfunction in post-COVID-19 condition: Mechanisms, management, and rehabilitation.
The long-term effects of COVID-19 on cognitive function have become an area of increasing concern. This paper provides an overview of characteristics, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and management strategies for cognitive dysfunction in post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Prolonged cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common impairments in PCC, affecting between 17% and 28% of the individuals more than 12 weeks after the infection and persisting in some cases for several years. ⋯ Assistive products and environmental modifications adapted to individual needs might be helpful. In specific attention- and working memory dysfunctions, cognitive training-carefully monitored for intensity-might be effective for people who do not suffer from post-exertional malaise. Further research is crucial for evidence-based interventions specific to COVID-19-related cognitive impairments.
-
Eating behavior and food-related decision making are among the most complex of the motivated behaviors, and understanding the neurobiology of eating behavior, and its developmental dynamics, is critical to advancing the nutritional sciences and public health. Recent advances from both human and animal studies are revealing that individual capacity to make health-promoting food decisions varies based on biological and physiological variation in the signaling pathways that regulate the homeostatic, hedonic, and executive functions; past developmental exposures and current life-stage; the food environment; and complications of chronic disease that reinforce the obese state. Eating rate drives increased calorie intake and represents an important opportunity to lower rates of food consumption and energy intake through product reformulation. Understanding human eating behaviors and nutrition in the context of neuroscience can strengthen the evidence base from which dietary guidelines are derived and can inform policies, practices, and educational programs in a way that increases the likelihood they are adopted and effective for reducing rates of obesity and other diet-related chronic disease.
-
There is limited information about sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among non-elderly adults with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. We investigated the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in individuals aged 18-64 years with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 (non-elderly risk group) in Stockholm County, Sweden. ⋯ These results call for measures to tackle sociodemographic disparities in vaccination programmes during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
-
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but limited awareness and treatment options may hinder its management among CKD patients followed in primary care. ⋯ Anemia was common and associated with adverse outcomes among patients with CKD stages 3-5 managed in primary care. Iron stores were infrequently tested, and a large proportion of patients with anemia remained untreated/under-recognized.
-
The 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure (BP) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommends a target systolic BP of <120 mmHg as this target can provide cardiovascular benefits. However, it remains unclear whether implementing the new BP target could improve kidney outcomes. ⋯ The newly lowered BP target by the 2021 KDIGO guideline was associated with improved kidney outcome compared with BP target by the 2012 KDIGO guideline.