Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Halothane suppresses the increase in intracellular calcium concentration of isolated rat myocytes during hydrogen peroxide perfusion.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is probably caused by the generation of oxygen free radicals. The final common pathway to cell injury may be mediated by intracellular calcium overloading induced by oxygen free radicals. Volatile anesthetics have been shown to improve myocardial function following reperfusion. ⋯ Halothane delayed the onset of the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by H2O2, whereas sevoflurane and isoflurane accelerated the onset. Furthermore, sevoflurane caused more pronounced accumulation of intracellular calcium than did halothane and isoflurane. Therefore, the reduction of excessive intracellular calcium accumulation caused by halothane may have beneficial effects on myocardial function following reperfusion.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Does cyclosporine affect the duration of action of vecuronium in renal transplant recipients?
The duration of action of vecuronium was tested in 41 surgical patients to evaluate whether cyclosporine modulates the action of vecuronium. The patients were divided into three groups: 12 patients with normal renal function (group A); 14 renal transplant recipients who had received cyclosporine before surgery (group B); and 15 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing surgery other than renal transplantation and who did not receive cyclosporine (group C). ⋯ There was no significant difference in the duration of action of vecuronium between the patients of groups B and C. In summary, cyclosporine did not prolong the duration of action of vecuronium in the renal transplant recipients when the same dose was administered compared with the patients with chronic renal failure who did not receive cyclosporine.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonists and antagonists partially affect the duration of ketamine anesthesia in the rat.
The effects of intracerebroventricular injection of excitatory amino acids which act on the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex on the duration of loss of righting reflex (DLRR) induced by intravenous injection to ketamine (20 mg/kg) were investigated in rats. Ketamine-induced DLRR was 10.3 min, but NMDA receptor agonistsD-alanine (200 μg) or NMDA (0.15 μg) did not change DLRR. ⋯ The NMDA receptor antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid (10 μg) alone prolonged DLRR significantly (16.2 min), but not when combined withD-alanine. These data suggest that NMDA receptor blockade contributes at least partially to the mechanism of ketamine anesthesia.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1995
Effects of morphine on visceral nociception evoked by colorectal distension in rats: comparative examinations of electrophysiological and behavioral responses.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intravenously administered morphine on electrophysiological and behavioral responses to colorectal distension (CRD) and to examine the influence of noxious stimuli applied to another part of the body (a laminectomy) on the visceromotor response to CRD. The effects of morphine (0.1-6.4 mg·kg-1) were examined in rate anesthetized with pentobarbital. Electrophysiological (n=16) and behavioral experiments (n=47) were done. ⋯ When morphine was administered, the visceromotor thresholds in both groups increased to a similar level. Behavioral and neurophysiological responses to CRD were suppressed in a similar fashion by morphine. Although laminectomy affected the threshold values of CRD for visceromotor responses, the laminectomy per se plays an insignificant role when adequate morphine is administered.