Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1996
Flumazenil does not antagonize the cardiac effects of midazolam in the isolated rat heart-lung preparation.
We examined the effects of midazolam and flumazenil on cardiac function and metabolism in the isolated rat heart-lung preparation. Wistar rats were divided into five groups (each group:n=8) as follows: (1) control (saline); (2) flumazenil (1.3×10(-5)M); (3) flumazenil (10(-4)M); (4) midazolam (60μg·ml(-1)); and (5) midazolam (60μg·ml(-1)) and flumazenil (1.3×10(-5)M). Systolic blood pressure and calculated left ventricular dP/dt maximum in the midazolam or midazolam conbined with flumazenil groups increased significantly in comparison with those in the control group. ⋯ There were no significant differences in the myocardial tissue concentration of ATP, lactate, and glycogen in all groups. In this study, midazolam decreased heart rate; however, flumazenil had no effect on the heart, nor did it antagonize the cardiac effects of midazolam. These results suggest that flumazenil has no effect on the peripheraltype benzodiazepine receptor of the myocardium.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1996
Immunocytochemical study of parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k, and calretinin in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord following unilateral hindpaw inflammation.
The effect of noxious stimulation on the immunore-activity of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin-D-28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) was investigated in the superficial dorsal horn of lumbar levels L5-L3 of the rat spinal cord. Freund's adjuvant was injected unilaterally into the hindpaw to induce inflammation. Immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to investigate changes in the calcium-binding proteins 2h and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after injection. ⋯ After the peak response, at 24h in most animals, there was a decline in the number of responders at 2 days and no differences were noted at 4 days. However, at 7 days, there was again an increase in the number of animals revealing diminished fluorescence intensity in the ipsilateral substantia gelatinosa. Changes in immunoreactivity of calcium binding proteins in the interneurons of the superficial lumbar dorsal horn may reflect hyperactivity within these neurons following noxious stimulation.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1996
Hypertonic saline for intraoperative fluid therapy in transurethral resection of the prostate.
We tested hypertonic saline solution (HS) to determine its effectiveness in surgical procedures for prostatic hypertrophy. We randomly selected 40 patients undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate for either infusion of HS (3% NaCl) at 4ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) (HS group) or lactated Ringer's solution (LR) at 8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) (LR group). Anesthesiologists regulated the intraoperative infusion rate as needed to maintain blood pressure. ⋯ An osmolar gap exceeding 10mOsm·kg(-1) was observed in 2 patients in the HS group, but plasma sodium remained at normal values. However, in the 1 patient in the LR group whose osmolar gap exceeded 10mOsm·kg(-1), plasma sodium was 115 mEq·I(-1). HS, at a low dose, is useful in the intraoperative management of transurethral resection of the prostate.