Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1998
Effect of phenylephrine on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs.
Although an α-adrenoceptor has been suggested to be involved in the mechanism of asthma, the effect of α1-agonist on the airway is still unclear. In this study we evaluated the effect of phenylephrine on the airway with a direct visualization method using a superfine fiberoptic bronchoscope (SFB). ⋯ The dose of phenylephrine that produced vasopressive actions worsened the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction slightly but significantly. Therefore, phenylephrine should be used with caution in asthmatic patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1998
Reduction of cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation in normotensive patients by urapidil.
Urapidil is an antihypertensive drug with actions of α1-receptor blockade and 5-HT1A (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptor stimulation. Although many agents have been used to attenuate the cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation, few of them are related to urapidil. This study was done to evaluate the effects of urapidil on reducing the cardiovascular response to intubation. ⋯ The effects of urapidil on reducing the cardiovascular response to intubation are mild when uradipil is used 5 min before intubation. As urapidil mainly decreases diastolic blood pressure, an important determinant of cardiac blood supply, and it makes systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure fluctuate strongly during induction, we should be alert about its latent detrimental effect on patients, especially those with ischemic heart disease.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1998
7-Nitroindazole, a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase: effect on sevoflurane MAC and cerebellar cyclic GMP in mice.
Considerable evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, whether inhibition of NO synthesis decreases minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics is controversial. We examined the effects of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS (nNOS), on the MAC of sevoflurane and cerebellar cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in mice. ⋯ Acute or chronic selective inhibition of neuronal NOS decreases the sevoflurane MAC and cerebellar cGMP levels in mice. 7-NI permitted probing of the role of NO in perception of noxious stimuli.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1998
Measurement of whole blood factor Xa-activated clotting time during hemodialysis with low-molecular-weight heparin.
To determine whole blood factor Xa-activated clotting time (XaACT), a test for monitoring low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). ⋯ The measurement of XaACT can be employed to monitor LMWHs in clinical settings.