Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Role of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in the hyperalgesic behavior induced by painful nerve injury in rats.
The neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AP) influences the excitability of the central nervous system by acting as a positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors. Here, we investigated the role of AP and its therapeutic potential in rats that showed hyperalgesic behavior after undergoing spinal nerve ligation (SNL). AP levels measured in the spinal cord and brain of rats that underwent SNL were greater than the corresponding levels in control animals. ⋯ No differences in serum AP levels were observed among the groups. In addition, intrathecal exogenous administration of AP showed the antihyperalgesic effects in hyperalgesic rats after SNL. These findings suggest that changes in spinal AP biosynthesis are involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury, and pharmacological manipulation of this phenomenon may provide a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
The effect of intrathecal mu, delta, kappa, and alpha-2 agonists on thermal hyperalgesia induced by mild burn on hind paw in rats.
Mild cutaneous thermal injury, leading to a first-degree burn, induces a sensation of burning pain and enhances the pain sensitivity of the skin. Opioid and α(2) receptor agonists are commonly used to reduce such hyperalgesia. We investigated conditions that induced adequate thermal hyperalgesia in rats and compared the effects of μ, δ, κ, and α(2) receptors at the level of the spinal cord in this model. ⋯ Based on these findings, we could find adequate conditions for thermal hyperalgesia model. In this experimental model, μ, δ, and α(2) receptor agonists produced antinociceptive effects at the level of the spinal cord, but the κ receptor agonist did not.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Acute kidney injury during aortic arch surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
The aim of this investigation was to describe the renal outcome and to identify risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI), as defined by the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), during aortic arch surgery (AAS) under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). ⋯ A high incidence of AKI during AAS under DHCA was confirmed. Because AKI is highly associated with aortic surgery, novel approaches for protecting the kidneys other than deep hypothermia are needed. The logistic regression model identified HT, emergency surgery, and duration of DHCA as independent risk factors for AKI.