Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
ReviewThe effects of estrogen on various organs: therapeutic approach for sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury. Part 2: liver, intestine, spleen, and kidney.
Several clinical studies show a gender dimorphism of immune and organ responsiveness in the susceptibility to and morbidity from shock, trauma, and sepsis. However, there are conflicting reports on the role of gender in outcomes. Animal studies of shock, trauma, and sepsis have confirmed that alterations in immune and organ functions are more markedly depressed in adult males and in ovariectomized and aged females. ⋯ To establish the role of gender in the outcome of these patients, more studies in clinical and experimental settings are required to determine whether gender-specific responses are global across the injuries or are observed in specific injury situations. Studies are also needed to delineate underlying mechanisms responsible for differences between males and females. The findings gained from the experimental studies will help in designing innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
ReviewThe effects of estrogen on various organs: therapeutic approach for sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury. Part 1: central nervous system, lung, and heart.
Although several clinical studies show a gender dimorphism of immune and organ responsiveness in the susceptibility to and morbidity from shock, trauma, and sepsis, there are conflicting reports on the role of gender in outcomes. In contrast, results obtained from experimental studies clearly support the suggestion that gender plays a significant role in post-injury pathogenesis. ⋯ In this respect, organ functions and immune responses are depressed in males with sepsis or trauma, whereas they are unchanged or are enhanced in females. This article reviews studies delineating the mechanism by which estrogen regulates cerebral nervous, lung, and heart systems in an experimental model of sepsis, trauma, or reperfusion injury.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
The effect of rocuronium, sugammadex, and their combination on cardiac muscle and diaphragmatic skeletal muscle cells.
Rocuronium has been associated with muscle weakness when administered in prolonged infusions. The effect of sugammadex and rocuronium together on muscle is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of rocuronium and sugammadex, and the complex formed by these agents, on cardiac and diaphragmatic muscle cells. ⋯ Rocuronium, sugammadex, and rocuronium-sugammadex complexes cause histopathological changes and immunoreactivity to calcineurin in muscle cells.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
The preconditioning pulmonary protective effect of volatile isoflurane in acute lung injury is mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS.
There is still a lack of evidence to support the use of specific anesthetic agents during major operations that could affect the development of postoperative acute lung injury (ALI). This study determined the protective effect of inhaled isoflurane in a rat model of endotoxin-induced ALI. ⋯ Pretreatment with volatile isoflurane attenuated inflammatory process in the lung tissue of rats with LPS-induced ALI, and this preconditioning pulmonary protective effect was mainly mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS in the lung.