Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe effect of alfentanil versus ketamine on the intubation condition and hemodynamics with low-dose rocuronium in children.
We investigated the effect of alfentanil and ketamine on the intubation condition and hemodynamic parameters during propofol anesthesia with low-dose rocuronium in children. ⋯ This study showed that both ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and alfentanil 20 μg/kg provided adequate intubation condition during propofol induction with low-dose rocuronium in children. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were higher in the ketamine group after propofol injection but they remained within the normal limit in both groups throughout the study period.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialHyperventilation accelerates rise in arterial blood concentrations of sevoflurane in gynecologic patients.
We investigated whether ventilation volumes affected arterial blood sevoflurane concentration (A (sev)) and its uptake into the body during general anesthesia. ⋯ Hyperventilation accelerated the rate of A (sev) increase immediately after sevoflurane administration, which was time dependent with respect to different alveolar ventilation levels.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
ReviewHow can we improve mask ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea during anesthesia induction?
Recent evidence suggests the possible development of difficult mask ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Based on our current understanding of the pathophysiology of pharyngeal airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients, we conclude that anesthesiologists can decrease respiratory complications during anesthesia induction by conducting careful pre-induction preparations, including body and head positioning and sufficient preoxygenation, and by using the two-hand mask ventilation technique with effective airway maneuvers and appropriate ventilator settings while continuously assessing ventilation status with capnography.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialThe parasacral sciatic nerve block does not induce anesthesia of the obturator nerve.
The ability of the parasacral sciatic nerve block (PSNB) to induce anesthesia of the obturator nerve remains controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the anesthesia of the obturator nerve after a PSNB. ⋯ This clinical study demonstrated that the PSNB is an unreliable means of inducing anesthesia of the obturator nerve and emphasizes the need to block this nerve separately to induce adequate analgesia during knee surgery.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
ReviewUltrasound-guided trunk and core blocks in infants and children.
Regional anesthetic techniques for perioperative analgesia in children are being increasingly utilized with the reported advantages of providing superior analgesia, decreasing opioid consumption, and reducing opioid-related adverse effects. The following article reviews the available literature regarding core and trunk blocks in infants and children; specifically, transversus abdominis plane, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve, rectus sheath, lumbar plexus, and paravertebral and intercostal nerve blockade. ⋯ Additionally, the anatomy and techniques needed for their performance are reviewed. Finally, a summary of the relevant literature in relation to each peripheral nerve block technique is included.