Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Heightened stress response and cognitive impairment after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures might be linked to excessive GABAAR-mediated depolarization.
Children with repeated exposures to anesthesia at an early age are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Data in the literature link increased developmental depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR) at younger age to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we investigated the involvement of GABAergic signaling during development in mediating the adverse effects of repeated sevoflurane exposures. ⋯ These data suggested that the heightened stress response and cognitive impairment after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures might be linked to excessive GABAAR-mediated depolarization.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Dexmedetomidine protects against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. ⋯ Administration of dexmedetomidine before ischemia can provide a protection against lung IRI by re-installing the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Review Meta AnalysisFiner gauge of cutting but not pencil-point needles correlate with lower incidence of post-dural puncture headache: a meta-regression analysis.
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a well-known neurological outcome caused by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid during neuraxial anesthesia. Studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of finer gauged spinal needles to reduce the incidence of PDPH have produced conflicting results. We have therefore examined the effect of the gauge of cutting needles and pencil-point needles, separately, on the incidence of PDPH. ⋯ A significant relationship between needle gauge and subsequent rate of PDPH was noted in cutting needles, but not pencil-point needles.
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Sarcopenia occurring as a primary consequence of aging and secondary due to certain medical problems including chronic disease, malnutrition and inactivity is a progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with aging (approximately 5-13 % in the sixth and seventh decades). ⋯ A similar condition to sarcopenia in the ICU, called ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), has been reported more frequently. Here, we aim to examine the importance of sarcopenia, especially ICU-AW, in ICU patients via related articles in Medline.
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Journal of anesthesia · Oct 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of oral carbohydrate with amino acid solution on the metabolic status of patients in the preoperative period: a randomized, prospective clinical trial.
Enhanced recovery after surgery is increasingly desired nowadays, and preoperative nutrient intake may be beneficial for this purpose. In this study, we investigated whether the intake of preoperative carbohydrate with amino acid (ONS) solution can improve starvation status and lipid catabolism before the induction of anesthesia. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that preoperative ONS intake improves lipid catabolism and starvation status before the induction of anesthesia. Furthermore, it can provide better preoperative mental health compared with complete fasting.