Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Apr 2018
Nicorandil increased the cerebral blood flow via nitric oxide pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channel opening in mice.
Nicorandil has dual properties and acts as a nitric oxide donor and an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener. Considering its pharmacological profile, nicorandil might exert protective effects on the brain as well as on the heart. The purpose of this study was to directly evaluate the effect of nicorandil on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mice using a transcranial Doppler method. ⋯ A clinical dose of nicorandil increases CBF without affecting systemic hemodynamics. The positive effect of nicorandil on CBF is most likely caused via both the nitric oxide pathway and KATP channel opening.
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Journal of anesthesia · Apr 2018
Persistent isoflurane-induced hypotension causes hippocampal neuronal damage in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is likely to occur in elderly people, who often suffer from cerebral hypoperfusion and white matter lesions even in the absence of cerebral infarctions. ⋯ CCH per se caused microglial activation and axonal damage, which was not accentuated by hypotension. CCH alone did not cause neuronal damage, but CCH combined with hypotension caused significant neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region. These results suggest that persistent hypotension during general anesthesia might cause neuronal damage in patients with CCH, such as elderly people, and contribute to prevention against POCD.