Annals of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet has a favourable impact on low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet.
Inflammation may play an important role in type 2 diabetes. It has been proposed that dietary strategies can modulate inflammatory activity. ⋯ To conclude, advice to follow LCD or LFD had similar effects on weight reduction while effects on inflammation differed. Only LCD was found significantly to improve the subclinical inflammatory state in type 2 diabetes.
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The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to rare instances of treatment failure and the emergence of drug resistance. HIV drug-resistant strains are archived in cellular reservoirs, and this can exclude the future efficacy of drugs or drug classes against which resistance has emerged. In addition, drug-resistant viruses can be transmitted between individuals. ⋯ Of these, raltegravir, elvitegravir, and dolutegravir are the only integrase strand transfer inhibitors that have been approved for human therapy by the US Food and Drug Administration. Dolutegravir is unique in its ability to seemingly evade HIV drug resistance in treatment-naïve individuals. Here, we review the use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in the management of HIV, focusing on HIV resistance.
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To examine whether midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) plasma concentrations predict incident cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. Natriuretic peptides (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP)) were analyzed for comparison. ⋯ In a healthy general population sample of the FINRISK 1997 cohort MR-proADM significantly predicted all-cause death, MACE, and especially heart failure even beyond NT- proBNP. It also improved risk reclassification for heart failure.
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Dysregulation of circadian rhythms is a key symptom of mood disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression. Whether the circadian abnormalities observed in depressed patients are cause or consequence of the disease remains elusive. Here we aimed to explore potential disturbances of circadian rhythms in a validated genetic animal model of high trait anxiety and co-morbid depression and examine its molecular correlates. ⋯ We provide first evidence for a dysregulation of circadian rhythms in a mouse model of anxiety and co-morbid depression which suggests an association between depression and altered circadian rhythms at the genetic level and points towards a role for Cry2.
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A key function of human skin is the formation of a structural barrier against the external environment. In part, this is achieved through the formation of a cornified cell envelope derived from a stratified squamous epithelium attached to an epithelial basement membrane. Resilient in health, the structural integrity of skin can become impaired or break down in a collection of inherited skin diseases, referred to as the blistering genodermatoses. ⋯ In recent years, an improved understanding of the molecular basis of the blistering genodermatoses has led to better disease classification and genetic counselling. For patients, this has also advanced translational research with the advent of new clinical trials of gene, protein, cell, drug, and small molecule therapies. Although curing inherited blistering skin diseases still remains elusive, significant improvements in patients' quality of life are already being achieved.