Annals of medicine
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The natural history and the possible changes of celiac disease (CD) prevalence over time are still unclear. ⋯ During a 15-year period CD prevalence increased 2-fold in the CLUE cohort and 5-fold overall in the US since 1974. The CLUE study demonstrated that this increase was due to an increasing number of subjects that lost the immunological tolerance to gluten in their adulthood.
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More than six decades of empirical research have shown that psychosocial risk factors like low socio-economic status, lack of social support, stress at work and family life, depression, anxiety, and hostility contribute both to the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and the worsening of clinical course and prognosis in patients with CHD. These factors may act as barriers to treatment adherence and efforts to improve life-style in patients and populations. In addition, distinct psychobiological mechanisms have been identified, which are directly involved into the pathogenesis of CHD. ⋯ In case of elevated risk, multimodal, behavioural intervention, integrating counselling for psychosocial risk factors and coping with illness, should be prescribed. In case of clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety, patients should be referred for psychotherapy, and/or medication according to established standards (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)) should be prescribed. Psychotherapy and SSRIs appear to be safe and effective with respect to emotional disturbances; however, a definite beneficial effect on cardiac end-points has not been documented.
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Serum lipoproteins, the carriers of cholesterol and other lipophilic substances in blood, are known to contain variable amounts of lipid peroxides. We investigated the transport of food-derived and endogenously formed lipid peroxides by serum lipoproteins under physiological conditions. ⋯ We propose that the specific atherosclerosis-related effects of serum lipoproteins are not explained by cholesterol transport alone and may rather result from the transport of the more directly atherogenic lipid peroxides.
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Meta Analysis
Effects of intensive glucose control on incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
The effects of intensive glucose control over conventional glucose control on cardiovascular outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes remain uncertain. ⋯ An intensive glucose control strategy can effectively reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events but at the expense of a significantly increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Selected inflammatory conditions increase the risk of cancer. An inflammatory component is present also in the micro-environment of tumours epidemiologically unrelated to inflammation. ⋯ Emerging evidence also suggests that cancer-related inflammation promotes genetic instability. Thus, cancer-related inflammation represents a target for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.