Pneumologie
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Superior vena cava syndrome is defined as the lack of central venous inflow through the superior vena cava and can present a life-threatening situation. The acute situation is characterized by dyspnea and requires a fast and effective treatment. ⋯ Endovascular treatment of superior vena cava syndrome is an effective option with a high technical success rate.
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There is rising evidence that ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) is not just an artifactual finding from animal studies, but actually occurs in humans undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. Initial research findings in humans have demonstrated that periods of controlled invasive mechanical ventilation lasting just 18 - 69 hours can lead to a marked reduction in diaphragmatic myofibers. More recently, it has been shown that even short periods (e. g. two-hours) of controlled invasive mechanical ventilation are sufficient to initiate VIDD. ⋯ This impairment was observed to progress further over the one-week investigation period. The introduction of a simple bedside ultrasound measurement of diaphragmatic function is of great importance to the clinician, as it may serve as a surrogate measure for VIDD, with high predictive value. Regarding potential therapeutic interventions against VIDD, the primary aim should be to encourage sufficient diaphragmatic use in susceptible patients so as to avoid VIDD; this approach remains in fundamental contrast to that of reducing respiratory muscle load by (invasive) mechanical ventilation.