Respiratory medicine
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Bronchiectasis has a number of causes. Their prevalence is not well documented. The aim of this study was to identify aetiology in a population of patients referred to a specialist clinic with symptoms suggestive of bronchiectasis, to determine the proportion of patients in whom knowing the aetiology altered management. In addition we wished to describe in detail those patients who remained idiopathic to facilitate future studies of this group; and establish the diagnosis in those without bronchiectasis. ⋯ Full investigation of problematic cases should occur in a specialist centre because results affect management in a third of cases.
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Respiratory medicine · Jun 2007
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation improves lung volumes in the obesity hypoventilation syndrome.
Our objective was to study the long-term effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on lung function and gas exchange in patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). ⋯ Long-term domiciliary NPPV normalizes hypercapnia and markedly improves hypoxemia as well as polycythemia in OHS patients. In addition, NPPV leads to a significant reduction in restrictive ventilatory disturbance, predominantly by increasing ERV. Application of high inspiratory pressures and good adherence to therapy are presumed to be the basis for the beneficial effects of NPPV in OHS.
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Respiratory medicine · Jun 2007
Non-invasive home mechanical ventilation: effectiveness and efficiency of an outpatient initiation protocol compared with the standard in-hospital model.
To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of an initiation protocol for non-invasive home mechanical ventilation (NIHMV) carried out at a pulmonary outpatient clinic with the standard in-hospital model. ⋯ (1) Outpatient initiation is an effective and efficient alternative to the traditional in-hospital method for NIHMV. (2) The outpatient protocol represents a substantial saving for the financier.
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Respiratory medicine · Jun 2007
Long-term non-invasive ventilation increases chemosensitivity and leptin in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome.
Long-term nocturnal non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is an effective treatment for obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), improving central carbon dioxide (CO(2)) sensitivity. Leptin might contribute to sustain adequate ventilation in obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of leptin in the OHS pathogenesis looking at its relationship to CO(2) sensitivity before and after NIMV in OHS patients. ⋯ These findings suggest a possible role of leptin in the recovery of neuromuscular response to hypercapnia obtained during long-term nocturnal NIMV in OHS patients without OSAH.
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Respiratory medicine · Jun 2007
Exacerbations and lung function decline in COPD: new insights in current and ex-smokers.
To investigate whether there is a significant relationship between an increased frequency of exacerbations and the rate of forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV(1)) decline in COPD patients. METHODS-MEASUREMENTS: About 102 COPD patients (44 smokers, 58 ex-smokers) participated in a 3-year prospective study. Exacerbations were identified as worsening of patient's respiratory symptoms as recorded on diary cards. Spirometry was performed every 6 months. The effect of frequent exacerbations on lung function was investigated using random effects models. ⋯ Our findings suggest that an increased frequency of exacerbations is significantly associated with FEV(1) decline even in ex-smokers. Thus, smoking and frequent exacerbations may have both negative impact on lung function. Smoking cessation and prevention of exacerbations should be a major target in COPD.