Respiratory medicine
-
Respiratory medicine · Jun 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under insufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation.
Midazolam is widely used as a sedative agent to produce amnesia in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. However, if a patient does not receive sufficient local anaesthesia, continuous severe cough and physical movement may interrupt the procedure and reduce its safety. We therefore examined whether codeine phosphate is a useful premedication for bronchoscopy. ⋯ The dose of supplemental xylocaine was assessed and the requirements were significantly lower in the codeine group compared to the placebo group: 36.4 +/- 10.2 mg vs. 95.1 +/- 24.6 mg, respectively. After bronchoscopy, patients were interviewed by a doctor to assess their willingness to undergo a repeat procedure if one was clinically indicated, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups. If local anaesthesia is insufficient, midazolam together with codeine phosphate premedication is useful for both the patient and the bronchoscopist.
-
Respiratory medicine · Jun 1999
Increased content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath condensate of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: no significant effect of cigarette smoking.
The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking is the most frequent factor responsible for development of COPD by leading to oxidant overload in the lower airways, due to presence of its own oxidants and to recruitment and activation of pulmonary phagocytes. We aimed to determine whether (1) patients with stable COPD have higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs, an end-product of lipid peroxidation) and H2O2 levels in expired breath condensate than healthy subjects who have never smoked; (2) COPD subjects who are current smokers exhale more TBARs and H2O2 than COPD ex-smokers and those who have never smoked; and (3) concentration of TBARs correlates with H2O2 levels in the breath condensate of COPD patients. ⋯ These variables did not correlate with cigarette smoking status and the time from smoking cessation. Subjects with stable COPD exhibit increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 generation in the airways. Current cigarette smoking does not distinguish COPD subjects with respect to TBARs and H2O2 exhalation.
-
Respiratory medicine · Jun 1999
Delayed chest radiographs and the diagnosis of pneumothorax following CT-guided fine needle aspiration of pulmonary lesions.
We prospectively studied 64 consecutive patients on whom computerized tomography-guided fine needle aspirations (CT-FNA) of pulmonary lesions were performed to determine whether obtaining a delayed chest radiography (CXR) after CT-FNA is helpful in the diagnosis of post-procedure pneumothorax (PTX). Two of the 64 patients developed a delayed PTX. Only one of the patients with a delayed PTX required chest tube drainage. If patients have no evidence of a PTX immediately after a CT-FNA by CT scan then a delayed CXR adds little to care of these patients.
-
Respiratory medicine · May 1999
Midazolam sedation to produce complete amnesia for bronchoscopy: 2 years' experience at a district general hospital.
Patients may find bronchoscopy without sedation unpleasant. There is some evidence that patient satisfaction correlates with amnesia for the procedure. For several years we have used doses of midazolam sufficient to put patients lightly asleep hoping to produce complete amnesia. ⋯ Only nine patients could remember any part of the procedure. Incremental doses of midazolam given slowly until patients are lightly asleep almost invariably produce complete amnesia for bronchoscopy. This is a safe technique but patients need careful monitoring and may require reversal of sedation with flumazanil.