Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine
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Proc Inst Mech Eng H · Jan 1998
Drilling of bone: a robust automatic method for the detection of drill bit break-through.
The aim of this investigation is to devise a robust detection method for drill bit break-through when drilling into long bones using an automated drilling system that is associated with mechatronic assisted surgery. This investigation looks into the effects of system compliance and inherent drilling force fluctuation on the profiles of drilling force, drilling force, drilling between successive samples and drill bit rotational speed. ⋯ A robust method, based on a Kalman filter, has been proposed. Using a modified Kalman filter, it is possible to convert the profiles of drilling force difference between successive samples and/or the drill bit rotational speed into easily recognizable and more consistent profiles, allowing a robust and repeatable detection of drill bit break-through.
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Proc Inst Mech Eng H · Jan 1997
Further studies into proximal interphalangeal joint dimensions for the design of a surface replacement prosthesis: medullary cavities and transverse plane shapes.
The proximal and middle phalanges from 83 proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJs) were set in clear plastic and sectioned in the transverse plane leaving the heads whole. The sections were cleaned, shadowgraphed and measured. The medullary canals were marked on sagittal and frontal plane shadowgraphs of the intact bones and analysed. ⋯ The mean PP head heights (transverse plane) were 9.17 mm, 9.33 mm, 8.73 mm and 7.40 mm and the mean PP widths (transverse plane) were 12.86 mm, 13.25 mm, 12.75 mm and 10.54 mm for the index, middle, ring and little fingers respectively. The mean angle between the lateral sides of the condyles to the transverse baseline was 78.35 degrees and the mean distance from the centreline of the PP head (transverse plane) to the bases of the two condyles was 4.69 mm. The mean maximum depth of the PP head intercondylar sulcus in the frontal plane was 0.72 mm and in the transverse plane, the mean maximum depth of the intercondylar sulcus on the anterior face was 0.82 mm.
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Proc Inst Mech Eng H · Jan 1996
ReviewThe medical device directives and their impact on the development and manufacturing of medical implants.
The introduction of a legal framework for the supply of medical implants is discussed with reference to the Active Implantable Medical Device Directive and the Medical Device Directive. The definitions of medical device and manufacturer are discussed. The application of the Directives to device/drug combinations is considered. ⋯ The role of standards and the new approach to writing them in Europe is presented. After placing a product on the market, the manufacturer must set up a system of post-market surveillance, including a vigilance procedure, in order to monitor product performance. Individual Member States can exercise the safeguard clause when a product appears to have had the CE marking incorrectly applied.
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Proc Inst Mech Eng H · Jan 1990
Maximum finger force prediction using a planar simulation of the middle finger.
Maximum isometric finger-grip forces were predicted using a biomechanical model for plane motion of the middle finger. In the course of this study, mathematical representations of tendon displacement, the moment arm of tendon at the finger joints and muscle force-length relationship were investigated. The information gathered was applied to the model to estimate the maximum grip force of the middle finger gripping cylinders of different sizes. ⋯ The maximum finger force occurred at reduced metacarpophalangeal joint angles as the wrist joint changed from an extended position to a flexed one. It is also postulated that muscle force-length relationship is an important factor in muscle force predictions. The data obtained by this research are useful for the design of handles and the current model is applicable to the analysis of hand postures for workers using hand tools.