Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of the Effects of 3 Methods of Intrathecal Bupivacaine, Bupivacaine-Fentanyl, and Bupivacaine-Fentanyl-Magnesium Sulfate on Sensory Motor Blocks and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disk Herniation Surgery.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding intrathecal (IT) fentanyl and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to bupivacaine on sensory motor blocks and postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar disk herniation surgery. ⋯ In patients undergoing lumbar disk herniation surgery, IT MgSO4 in combination with bupivacaine-fentanyl can decrease severity of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption without additional side effect.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2016
Traumatic Brain Injury Patients With a Glasgow Coma Scale Score of ≤8, Cerebral Edema, and/or a Basal Skull Fracture are More Susceptible to Developing Hyponatremia.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury treated at the neurosurgery department. The incidence rate is approximately 3% in the general population and the mortality rate is 25%. The incidence of hyponatremia following TBI is 33%. Hyponatremia is one of the main causes of disability and/or death in TBI patients. This study investigated the epidemiology of hyponatremia following TBI. ⋯ TBI patients with a GCS score ≤8, cerebral edema, and/or a basal skull fracture are particularly prone to developing hyponatremia. These patients require additional treatment that should entail the normalization of serum sodium levels to prevent deterioration of their condition.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2016
CaMKII Phosphorylation in Primary Somatosensory Cortical Neurons is Involved in the Inhibition of Remifentanil-induced Hyperalgesia by Lidocaine in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Previous clinical studies have shown that lidocaine can alleviate severe postoperative pain after remifentanil-based anesthesia. Experimental studies have also demonstrated that lidocaine can inhibit remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia, yet the mechanism remains unknown. The present study explored the role of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia as well as its inhibition by lidocaine through evaluation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation and protein expression levels in S1 cortical neurons. ⋯ These results suggested that the phosphorylation of CaMKII in S1 cortical neurons increases significantly during the process of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. The increase of CaMKII phosphorylation could be inhibited by systemic application of lidocaine. This inhibition may play a role in the antihyperalgesia effects of lidocaine.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2016
Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced by Prenatal Propofol Exposure.
Anesthetic agents (eg, isoflurane, propofol) may cause neurodegeneration in the developing brains and impair animals' learning ability. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, has antiapoptotic properties in several brain injury models. Here, we tested whether DEX can protect the brain from neurodegeneration in rats exposed to propofol in utero. ⋯ DEX attenuates neuronal injury induced by maternal propofol anesthesia in the fetal brains, providing neurocognitive protection in the offspring rats.