Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Apr 2013
Accuracy of end-tidal CO2 measurement through the nose and pharynx in nonintubated patients during digital subtraction cerebral angiography.
To determine the accuracy of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) obtained in the nose through the Smart CapnoLine and in the pharynx through the modified Filterline H Set with supplemental oxygen at 5 L/min in nonintubated patients undergoing digital subtraction cerebral angiography (DSA). ⋯ In a clinical setting, end-tidal CO2 measurements sampled from the nose and the pharynx were accurate and reliable in nonintubated patients with a nasopharynx airway in place during DSA.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Apr 2013
The role of hypothermia in the regulation of blood glutamate levels in naive rats.
The exact mechanism of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection has not been determined yet; however, we hypothesized that it may be mediated by a blood glutamate-scavenging effect. Here, we examine the effect of hypothermic conditions (mild, moderate, and deep) on blood glutamate levels in naive rats. To identify the mechanism of hypothermia-induced glutamate reduction, we also measured concentrations of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), the primary regulators of glutamate concentration in blood. ⋯ Mild and moderate hypothermia led to a reduction in blood glutamate levels in rats, whereas deep hypothermia was associated with a significant elevation in blood glutamate levels. We further demonstrated an elevation of GOT and GPT levels, supporting their involvement in reducing blood glutamate by the conversion of glutamate to 2-ketoglutarate. We suggest that the neuroprotective properties of hypothermia may be partially because of a blood glutamate-scavenging mechanism.