Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology
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Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) maps produced by 33% xenon-enhanced computed tomographic scanning (Xe/CT LCBF) are useful in the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with cerebrovascular disorders. However, observations in humans that 25-35% xenon (Xe) inhalation increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) have raised concerns that Xe/CT LCBF measurements may be inaccurate and that Xe inhalation may be hazardous in patients with decreased intracranial compliance. In contrast, 33% Xe does not increase CBF in rhesus monkeys. ⋯ The halothane MAC was 0.99 +/- 0.12% (M +/- SD), and the Xe MAC was 98 +/- 15%. These results suggest that the MAC of Xe in rhesus monkeys is higher than the reported human Xe MAC value of 71%. Thus the absence of an effect of 33% Xe on CBF in the rhesus monkey may be related to its lower anesthetic potency.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Oct 1994
ReviewTotal intravenous anesthesia is best for neurological surgery.
We believe that today balanced TIVA represents the best anesthetic technique for neurological surgery. Freely acknowledging that this point of view is unproven (36) with regard to the hard criterion of patient outcome on leaving the hospital, we submit that the intermediate or surrogate criteria discussed make a convincing case for preferring TIVA to volatile-based anesthetic techniques. Until a study demonstrating hard outcome differences between the two techniques is achieved, we will continue to encourage the use of TIVA in neuroanesthesia, based on its practical (anesthetic depth, neuromonitoring, surgical field) and theoretical (homeostasis, metabolism, antinociception, neuroprotection) advantages.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Oct 1994
Comparative StudyCSF, sagittal sinus, and jugular venous pressures during desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in dogs.
Previous studies to determine whether desflurane increases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure are inconclusive because none have included all of the following: multiple doses of desflurane, administration for at least several hours, examination at normo- and hypocapnia, a concurrent comparison group, direct measurement of both intra- and extracranial CSF pressures, and measurement of venous pressures that influence CSF pressure. The present study was designed to determine whether CSF pressure increases during 4.0 h desflurane anesthesia using a study design that included the above elements. Catheters were placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle, cisterna magna, sagittal sinus, and jugular vein of 12 dogs anesthetized with thiopental 12 mg.kg-1.h-1 and halothane 0.5 to 0.8%. ⋯ CSF and sagittal sinus pressures, but not jugular venous pressure, increased with both desflurane and isoflurane. The greater increase of CSF pressure with 4.0 h desflurane (to 40.2 +/- 12.7 cm H2O) than with 4.0 h isoflurane (to 26.2 +/- 11.5 cm H2O) was attributable to an increase of CSF pressure that was greater during 2.0 h desflurane and normocapnia than during 2.0 h isoflurane and normocapnia, and to an increase of CSF pressure during 2.0 h desflurane and hypocapnia that was similar to that during 2.0 h isoflurane and hypocapnia. The greater increase of CSF pressure during desflurane may have resulted, in part, from increased CSF volume as indicated by a positive CSF-sagittal sinus pressure gradient (in contrast, there was little or no CSF-sagittal sinus pressure gradient during isoflurane) and a steeper slope of the gradient to CSF pressure relationship.