Journal of clinical pharmacology
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The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine were investigated in 17 healthy young adult volunteers seven Caucasians, five Orientals, and five Blacks). With the assumption of a one-compartment open model and linear pharmacokinetics, analysis of the data determined that there were no significant differences in the volume of distribution, clearance, elimination half-life, and serum protein binding of lidocaine among these racial groups. Our finding that lidocaine clearance and protein binding are not significantly different in young adult Caucasians and Orientals is consistent with our previous hypothesis that drugs metabolized in the body by N-dealkylation (lidocaine and diphenhydramine) area cleared at similar rates in young adult Caucasians and Orientals when protein binding is taken into account.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Buprenorphine and morphine efficacy in postoperative pain: a double-blind multiple-dose study.
The analgesic activity of buprenorphine was monitored versus that of morphine in a double-blind, randomized, multiple-dose, parallel-design study involving 97 postsurgical patients. Patients could receive intramuscular injections of either buprenorphine (0.3, o.45, or 0.6 mg) or morphine (10, 15, or 20 mg) every 3 or more hours. ⋯ It has been suggested that the addictive potential of buprenorphine may be less than that of morphine. Since both drugs seem to be effective analgesics, buprenorphine appears to offer an effective and safe alternative to morphine for patients with acute pain.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Analgesic efficacy of zomepirac sodium in patients with pain due to cancer.
In a single-dose, a double-blind crossover study in 40 patients with chronic pain due to advanced cancer, zomepirac sodium (Zomax), a new, single-entity, non-narcotic analgesic, was compared to oxycodone with APC (Percodan) and placebo. Both a verbal and a curvilinear visual analog scale were used in the study, and the results obtained were comparable. ⋯ Zomepirac sodium, 100 mg, appears to be an acceptable alternative to narcotic combinations such as oxycodone with APC in the management of moderate to severe cancer pain. The visual analog scale presented appears to be useful in the evaluation of analgesic efficacy and appears to be acceptable as an alternative to the more conventional verbal scale.
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Comparative Study
Electrolyte excretion patterns. Intravenous and oral doses of bumetanide compared to furosemide.
The response to bumetanide and furosemide administered orally and intravenously was compared in normal subjects. Doses of bumetanide were 0.5 and 1 mg intravenously and 0.5, 1 and 2 mg orally. Doses of furosemide were 20 and 40 mg intravenously and 20, 40, and 80 mg orally. ⋯ The sodium/potassium ratio was calculated as follows: for every 200 mEq sodium excreted in 4 hours, bumetanide caused about 35 mEq and furosemide caused about 50 mEq potassium to be eliminated. Even if statistically significant, this difference does not appear to be clinically remarkable. If bumetanide offers therapeutic advantages in this regard, studies in patients with various disease states would have to be performed.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Postsurgical pain: zomepirac sodium, propoxyphene/-acetaminophen combination, and placebo.
Zomepirac sodium, a new, nonnarcotic analgesic agent, was compared with the combination of propoxyphene/acetaminophen in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-dose study in 196 hospitalized postsurgical patients with pain severe enough to require a prescription analgesic. Patients received 100 mg zomepirac sodium, 50 mg zomepirac sodium, 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate with 650 mg acetaminophen, or placebo. Total pain relief during the 6-hour observation period showed that 100 mg zomepirac sodium was significantly more effective than the propoxyphene combination. ⋯ Percentages of patients requiring remedication before the end of the study were: 77 per cent for placebo, 48 per cent for propoxyphene/acetaminophen, 43 per cent for 50 mg zomepirac sodium, and 29 per cent for 100 mg zomepirac sodium. The numbers of patients reporting side effects were not significantly different among the treatment groups. These results confirm those of other single-dose pain studies which showed 100 mg zomepirac sodium significantly more efficacious than the propoxyphene/acetaminophen combination.