Current opinion in pediatrics
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Curr. Opin. Pediatr. · Jun 1999
ReviewAdvances in ventilatory support of the pediatric surgical patient.
Severe respiratory failure in newborn and pediatric patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Basic science laboratory investigation has led to advances both in our understanding of ventilator-induced lung injury and in optimizing the supportive use of conventional ventilation strategies. ⋯ This review focuses on recent laboratory and clinical data detailing the techniques of permissive hypercapnia, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, intratracheal pulmonary ventilation, and liquid ventilation. Some of these modalities are becoming commonplace, and others may have much to offer the clinician if their benefit is clearly demonstrated in future clinical trials.
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Over the last 10 years, there has been a fundamental change in physicians' attitudes toward analgesia and sedation in pediatrics. In this time, basic and clinical research have provided a wealth of information. ⋯ Fortunately, the attitude of physicians toward these matters has changed significantly and much more attention is now paid to the alleviation of pain and provision of adequate sedation. However, there remains, according to most estimates, incongruity between these advances and what is practiced clinically.