Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
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Arch Clin Neuropsychol · Aug 2018
How Flexible is the Use of Egocentric Versus Allocentric Frame of Reference in the Williams Syndrome Population?
This study examined the spontaneous use of allocentric and egocentric frames of reference and their flexible use as a function of instructions. ⋯ Results demonstrate that despite difficulties in the spontaneous use of allocentric and egocentric frames of reference, some Williams Syndrome participants show flexibility in the use of an allocentric frame of reference when an explicit instruction is provided.
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Arch Clin Neuropsychol · Aug 2018
Performance Validity, Neurocognitive Disorder, and Post-concussion Symptom Reporting in Service Members with a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
To examine the influence of different performance validity test (PVT) cutoffs on neuropsychological performance, post-concussion symptoms, and rates of neurocognitive disorder and postconcussional syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in active duty service members. ⋯ PVT performance is significantly and meaningfully related to overall neuropsychological outcome. By using only original cutoffs, clinicians and researchers may miss people with invalid performances.
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Arch Clin Neuropsychol · Mar 2018
Premorbid IQ Predicts Postconcussive Symptoms in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with mTBI.
Extant literature has demonstrated that symptoms of postconcussive syndrome (PCS) persist well beyond the expected 3-month post-injury recovery period in a minority of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Suboptimal performance on validity measures and pre- and post-injury psychosocial stressors - rather than actual mTBI or current cognitive functioning - have been identified as predictors of chronic PCS. Whether premorbid IQ has any influence on chronic PCS has been understudied, in the context of established psychogenic etiologies. ⋯ The findings support premorbid IQ as a unique and relevant predictor of chronic PCS, with significance variance accounted for beyond education, cognitive functioning, and psychosocial variables. Given the predictive relationship between premorbid IQ and PCS, adapting postconcussive interventions to meet the specific needs of individuals with varying levels of intellect may be important in minimizing ongoing symptomatology.
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Arch Clin Neuropsychol · Dec 2017
Concussion-Like Symptom Reporting in Non-Concussed Collegiate Athletes.
Non-concussed individuals may report a variety of concussion-like symptoms even in the absence of a diagnosed brain injury. Previous studies described concussion-like symptom reporting in adolescent athletes. This study provides complementary data on concussion-like symptoms in collegiate athletes. ⋯ Non-concussed collegiate athletes report concussion-like symptoms at a clinically significant rate. Pre-injury medical history and reporting rates of concussion-like symptoms may explain variance in post-concussion symptom expression. Measured incidence of baseline postconcussional syndrome may, in part, depend on the symptom report measure that is used.
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Arch Clin Neuropsychol · Nov 2017
ReviewCognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: Is it Feasible?
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Dementia is one of the most relevant non-motor symptoms considering its functional affect on PD patients' activities of daily living and family members' wellbeing. Cognitive abnormalities in PD are heterogeneous and reliable biomarkers to detect patients at risk for dementia early on remain to be identified. ⋯ Advances in this area depend on selection of patients with a homogeneous cognitive phenotype as well as definition of appropriate timing of intervention and clinical variables. This review also discusses the application of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to enhance the effect of cognitive rehabilitation. However, there is need for a broad consensus about standard treatment guidelines to properly compare efficacy of these procedures and implement them in routine clinical practice.