European journal of cancer : official journal for European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) [and] European Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
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The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) is a new patient-rated instrument that was developed to provide multidimensional information about a diverse group of common symptoms. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the MSAS in the cancer population. Randomly selected inpatients and outpatients (n = 246) with prostate, colon, breast or ovarian cancer were assessed using the MSAS and a battery of measures that independently evaluate phenomena related to quality of life. ⋯ High correlations with clinical status and quality of life measures support the validity of the MSAS and indicate the utility of several subscale scores, including PSYCH, PHYS, and a brief Global Distress Index. The MSAS is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of symptom prevalence, characteristics and distress. It provides a method for comprehensive symptom assessment that may be useful when information about symptoms is desirable, such as clinical trials that incorporate quality of life measures or studies of symptom epidemiology.
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The objective of this investigation was to determine factors predictive of bacteraemia at presentation in febrile, granulocytopenic cancer patients in order to estimate the probability of bacteraemia in each patient, and to compare factors associated with a diagnosis of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteraemia. Retrospective analysis of two sets of data (derivation and validation sets) randomly obtained from a large prospective study was conducted in a multicentre study of febrile, granulocytopenic cancer patients admitted for empiric antibacterial therapy. Within the derivation set, prognostic factors (clinical and laboratory data) likely to be associated with a generic diagnosis of bacteraemia and with a specific diagnosis of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteraemia were analysed by means of three backward, stepwise, logistic regression analyses. ⋯ When tested in the validation set, the model was poorly predictive, although a small subgroup of episodes (representing only 16% of the total sample size) with low risk of bacteraemia was identified. Factors predictive of bacteraemia can be identified, with discrimination between gram-positive and gram-negative aetiology. Further studies are warranted in order to improve the discriminant ability of the model.
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Cancer costs in the Netherlands amounted to 4.8% of health care costs in 1988. For five cancer types, and a sixth group covering all other malignancies, costs were broken down by age, sex and disease phase. They showed a remarkably similar pattern of medical consumption. ⋯ If it is due to higher incidence, the costs will increase substantially. If due to survival improvement, the increase will be less prominent. Simply extrapolating costs based on future prevalence or mortality may produce serious errors.
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The symptoms in metastatic compression of the spinal cord or cauda equine are described after a systematic recording of the sequence of symptoms in 153 patients. Radicular pain was predominant in patients with metastases located in the lumbar area, while the severity of motor symptoms was positively correlated with thoracic metastases. The most common initial symptom was radicular pain, followed, with decreasing frequency, by motor weakness, sensory complaints and bladder dysfunction. The progression of motor weakness influenced the probability of establishing the diagnosis of spinal cord compression by stepwise marked increased probability when patients lost gait function or progressed into total paralysis.
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The aim of the scheme was to determine consistency of histopathological reporting in the United Kingdom National Breast Screening Programme. This external quality assessment scheme involved 51 sets of 12 slides which were circulated to 186-251 pathologists at intervals of 6 months for 3 years. Participants recorded their diagnoses on standard reporting forms, which were submitted to the U. ⋯ Our findings suggest that participation in the scheme improves diagnostic consistency. In conclusion, consistency in diagnosing invasive carcinoma and radial scar is excellent, and good in DCIS, but improvements are desirable in diagnosing atypical hyperplasia, classifying DCIS and reporting certain prognostic features of invasive tumours. Such improvements will require further research, the development of improved diagnostic criteria and the dissemination of clearer guidelines.