European journal of cancer : official journal for European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) [and] European Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
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Observational Study
Patient-reported symptoms after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment: A retrospective cohort study.
Breast cancer and its treatment are associated with varying symptoms. The province of Ontario (13.6 million) has implemented a provincial programme to screen for symptoms among cancer patients using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). The purpose of this study was to describe symptom burden in the year after diagnosis among women with breast cancer. ⋯ These findings identify time points and patient subgroups at risk for elevated symptom scores and may benefit from personalised or targeted supportive care interventions.
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Management of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains controversial. ⋯ Recurrent DCIS or invasive cancer is uncommon after screen-detected DCIS. Both RT and endocrine therapy were associated with a reduction in further events but not with breast cancer mortality within 5 years of diagnosis. Further research to identify biomarkers of recurrence risk, particularly as invasive disease, is indicated.
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BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are among the cornerstones of metastatic melanoma therapy demonstrating excellent response rates with duration of 7-12 m. Long-term benefit from these agents was reported in patients with normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and less than three disease sites. However, a treatment-dependent marker for long-term efficacy is lacking. ⋯ Cox regression analysis revealed a very strong association between those AEs and PFS; mPFS was 42.8 m in patients with at least one AE versus 6.1 m in those without an AE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.22, p = 0.002). This association was independent of LDH levels and disease burden (HR 0.24, p = 0.035). This analysis demonstrates a strong association between immune AEs and durable response to targeted therapy and may provide a treatment-related biomarker to estimate the outcome of therapy.
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The prognosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is dismal and new effective therapies are needed. Immunotherapy looks promising, but no molecular predictive markers are currently available, and data on immune microenvironment are very limited. ⋯ Immune contexture of SCLC may differ according to stage. The presence of FOXP3-positive TILs is a potential prognostic marker for stage I-III SCLCs and warrants further investigation.
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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive effector, and its expression is associated with prognosis in several cancer types. Here, we investigated the relationship between IDO1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and patient prognosis and clinicopathological features, including programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. ⋯ These results suggest that IDO1 and PD-L1 co-expression may define an aggressive form of lung adenocarcinoma.