Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of inhalation inductions with xenon and sevoflurane.
Xenon is an odorless gas with low blood-gas solubility coefficient and without occupational and environmental hazards. This investigation was performed to evaluate the speed of induction, and respiratory and cardiovascular reactions to inhalation induction with xenon compared to an equianesthetic concentration of sevoflurane. ⋯ Xenon produced a faster induction of anesthesia without any complications than sevoflurane. Xenon had smaller decreases in tidal volume and respiratory rate during induction than sevoflurane. Xenon might offer an alternative to sevoflurane for an inhalation induction.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLaryngeal mask bite blocks--rolled gauze versus Guedel airway.
Biting on the silicone tube and pilot balloon of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) may obstruct or damage them with the teeth and a bite block is recommended. The recommended bite block is a wad of gauze swabs rolled into a cylindrical shape and placed alongside the LMA. It is considered that this avoids irritating the posterior pharyngeal wall and damage to teeth whilst supporting the LMA tube when taped to it. The Guedel airway is commonly used as a bite block with the tracheal tube and many anaesthetists also use it with the LMA. The aim of the following study was to compare rolled gauze swabs with a Guedel airway as a bite block for the LMA. ⋯ 1. The Guedel airway is an unsuitable bite block for the LMA. 2. Cuff pressure limitation is compatible with adequate ventilation. 3. The combination of LMA and Guedel airway probably prevents either from sitting in the correct anatomical position.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1997
Contradictory effects of dopamine at 32 degrees C in pigs anesthetized with ketamine.
In critically ill patients who were surface cooled to 33 +/- 2 degrees C, we have observed that dopamine sometimes causes a substantial decrease in blood pressure. The present study was designed to compare the effects of dopamine in normothermia to those seen after surface cooling to 32 degrees C. ⋯ Dopamine increased CO and MAP in normothermia but not at 32 degrees C, where there was even a significant reduction of MAP in this porcine model.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1997
Comparative Study Clinical TrialRopivacaine 7.5 mg/ml for elective caesarean section. A clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of 150 mg and 187.5 mg.
The new, long-acting local anaesthetic ropivacaine has shown less systemic toxicity than bupivacaine and a concentration of 7.5 mg/ml can therefore be used for epidural anaesthesia in Caesarean section. The present pilot study was undertaken to find indications for an optimal dosage by comparing the clinical effects, quality of anaesthesia and pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine 150 mg (lower dose = LD) vs 187.5 mg (higher dose = HD) for women undergoing elective Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. ⋯ 20-25 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml produced very satisfactory conditions for elective Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. In this small population, 150 mg ropivacaine seemed optimal, while 187.5 mg produced unnecessarily extended block height in 50% of the women.