Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jun 1997
Mivazerol, a new alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, blunts cardiovascular effects following surgical stress in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats.
Mivazerol is a new and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, devoid of hypotensive effects, which has been designed to prevent adverse cardiac outcome in perioperative patients with, or at risk coronary artery disease. ⋯ Mivazerol attenuates surgical stress-induced elevations in BP and HR during pentobarbital anesthesia in rats, and these effects are mediated by stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Unlike dexmedetomidine, mivazerol does not reduce BP, and is also more potent than dexmedetomidine in blunting surgical stress-induced increases in BP in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jun 1997
Delayed derecruitment after removal of PEEP in patients with acute lung injury.
A step decrease in positive end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP) is not followed by an instantaneous loss of the PEEP-induced increase in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). Rather, the reduction of EELV is delayed, while adverse PEEP effects on hemodynamics are immediately attenuated upon the drop in airway pressure. Step PEEP increments were applied to the lungs of patients with acute lung injury. It was investigated retrospectively whether enlargement of end-expiratory lung volume and changes in lung mechanics persist 45 min after removal of the PEEP increment. ⋯ A subgroup of patients with acute lung injury, the characteristics of which remain to be defined, benefit from prolonged recruitment effects up to 45 min after removal of a PEEP increment, while sequelae of continuously increased airway pressures are minimised.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jun 1997
Impedance cardiography in cardiac surgery patients: abnormal body weight gives unreliable cardiac output measurements.
To study the accuracy of cardiac output measurement by means of Electrical Impedance Cardiography (EIC) in post-cardiac surgery patients. ⋯ The results of this study indicate that weight is a very important factor in unreliable measurement of CO by impedance cardiography in cardiac surgery patients. The calculation equation as proposed by Sramek and Bernstein is not accurate enough in patients with more than 15% of weight deviation. Therefore, the use of impedance cardiography in these patients is of limited value until an accurate correction factor has been developed.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jun 1997
The combination of external high-frequency oscillation and pressure support ventilation in acute respiratory failure.
Effective gas exchange can be maintained in animals by using external high-frequency oscillation (EHFO). The present study evaluates the effect of relatively long-term duration EHFO combined with pressure support ventilation (PSV) in patients with acute respiratory failure. ⋯ As a method of ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure, EHFO combined with PSV may have potential advantages over conventional mechanical ventilation when drainage of secretions if facilitated. Beneficial effects of EHFO may appear after several hours.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jun 1997
Beneficial effects of the prone position on the incidence of barotrauma in oleic acid-induced lung injury under continuous positive pressure ventilation.
Factors that contribute to ventilator-induced barotrauma are not well defined. This study investigates the effects of posture on ventilator-induced barotrauma, as well as arterial oxygenation. ⋯ It was concluded that in lung injury dogs, the prone position has beneficial effects on the incidence of ventilator-induced barotrauma and arterial oxygenation when compared with the lateral position. Ventilator-induced barotrauma may occur at lower airway pressure.