Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPostoperative nausea and vomiting in children using patient-controlled analgesia: the effect of prophylactic intravenous dixyrazine.
Although patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine provides a high degree of satisfactory postoperative analgesia in children, it is often associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Our aim in this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of dixyrazine, a phenothiazine with proven anti-emetic properties. ⋯ A significant number of children using PCA with morphine after major surgery experience PONV. Although prophylactic dixyrazine reduces the incidence and severity of vomiting, the incidence still remains high.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of ketamine on clinical endpoints of hypnosis and EEG variables during propofol infusion.
We studied the effect of variable doses of ketamine on the endpoints of hypnosis, e.g., unresponsiveness to verbal commands (UVC), loss of eyelash reflex (LER), and inhibition of body movement response with or without sneezing to nasal membrane stimulation (INBMR), and processed EEG variables, e.g., bispectral index (BIS), 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) and median frequency (MF) during propofol infusion. ⋯ Our results suggest additive interaction between propofol and ketamine (Groups PK0.5 and PK0.75) for achieving the hypnotic endpoints; however, ketamine did not depress the EEG variables in proportion to its hypnotic effect. The paradoxically higher BIS and 95% SEF values at the hypnotic endpoints may be due to lower propofol concentrations and/or no effect of ketamine on the EEG variables.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1999
Attitudes of Swedish physicians and nurses towards the use of life-sustaining treatment.
Withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatment have become accepted clinical practice within the intensive care unit (ICU). One important factor influencing these decisions is the attitudes of physicians and nurses. ⋯ Advance directives are believed by Swedish intensive care personnel to be very important in the decision to withdraw life support, contrary to several descriptive studies suggesting modest patient and family influence on these decisions. Attitudes towards the intensity of care vary between different centers, raising the possibility that levels of care for similar patients may differ across the country.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1999
Neuroprotective properties of propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, on neuronal damage induced by forebrain ischemia, based on the GABAA receptors.
The mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of propofol was compared to two other types of intravenous (i.v.) anesthetics (i.e., benzodiazepine; midazolam and barbiturate; pentobarbital) using Mongolian gerbils focusing on GABA receptor subtypes. ⋯ These results indicate that activation of GABAA receptors, which include the specific binding subunits for propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, plays a role in the inhibition of neuronal death induced by brain ischemia.