Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2013
Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of age on minimum effective volume of local anesthetic for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Involutional changes of peripheral nervous system occur with aging. The aim of the study was to determine the minimum effective volume of local anesthetic required to offer an effective ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in 50% of middle-aged (< 50 years) and elderly (> 65 years) patients. We hypothesized reduced minimum effective volume of local anesthetic in elderly patients. ⋯ Within the present study, we report a reduced minimum effective anesthetic volume for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block in elderly patients. Additionally, smaller cross-sectional surface area of brachial plexus in the supraclavicular region was observed.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2013
Comparative StudyIs there an association between PONV and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
Drug-induced nausea and vomiting, both post-operatively and following chemotherapy, is often distressing for the patients. Our clinical impression is that certain patients are not prone to but instead protected against both post-operative and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). If support for this hypothesis could be generated, it might be easier to identify such patients as low-risk patients and judge all other patients as high-risk patients by default. ⋯ A substantially stronger interrelationship was found between non-PONV and non-CINV than between both PONV and CINV. This may suggest that certain patients, instead of being prone to nausea and vomiting, in fact in some way are protected against these unpleasant side effects.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2013
Influence of cardiac output on the pseudo-steady state remifentanil and propofol concentrations in swine.
The propofol concentration during constant infusion is affected by a change in cardiac output, but the effect of this change on remifentanil, which is frequently used in combination with propofol, is unclear. ⋯ The plasma remifentanil concentration is influenced by cardiac output in a similar manner to that of propofol during remifentanil and propofol anaesthesia, although the metabolic sites are different.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyStroke volume-directed administration of hydroxyethyl starch or Ringer's acetate in sitting position during craniotomy.
To determine the volumes required for stable haemodynamics and possible effects on the coagulation, we studied stroke volume (SV)-directed administration of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130 kDa/0.4) and Ringer's acetate (RAC) in neurosurgical patients operated on in a sitting position. ⋯ Fluid filling with HES boluses resulted in a positive response in CI and SVI during the sitting position. The 34% smaller volume of HES than crystalloid and less positive fluid balance in the HES group might be important in craniotomy patients with decreased brain compliance.