Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jun 1982
Comparative StudyAnesthetic techniques and surgical blood loss in total hip arthroplasty.
Blood loss during total hip arthroplasty and the relation of different anesthetic techniques to surgical bleeding was explored in a consecutive, prospective study involving 157 patients with no previous history of hip surgery. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced in patients operated under sodium nitroprusside induced hypotensive anesthesia as compared to halothane, NLA or epidural block. It might be suspected that postoperative blood loss is increased when the lowered blood pressure is raised towards normotension, but this was not the case. ⋯ Blood loss was greater with NLA and halothane anesthesia than with epidural block. The authors consider controlled hypotension a useful adjuvant in anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty in selected patients. Epidural block, on the other hand, is a suitable anesthetic technique for most patients and has the additional advantage of reduced surgical bleeding as compared to general anesthesia.
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A series of 100 patients undergoing caesarean section was studied using ketamine 1.2 mg/kg as induction agent. Fifteen minutes prior to induction, atropine 0.25-0.5 mg and diazepam 1 mg was given intravenously as premedication. Anaesthesia was maintained with N2O:O2, FIO2 0.4. ⋯ There were no hallucinations in the recovery area. The mental condition of the mothers after the operation was acceptable. It is suggested that ketamine can be used not only on special indications but also as a routine method for induction of anaesthesia for caesarean section.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 1982
Comparative StudyAdvantages of glycopyrrolate over atropine during reversal of pancuronium block.
Atropine 0.015 mg kg-1 and glycopyrrolate 0.0075 mg kg-1 were compared as antimuscarinic agents during reversal of pancuronium block with neostigmine 0.03 mg kg-1 in 30 patients anaesthetized with thiopental - N2O- fentanyl and undergoing minor surgery. The decrease of heart rate was more pronounced in patients who received atropine-neostigmine. ⋯ Recovery from anaesthesia, as assessed by the awakening after the discontinuation of N2O administration, was more rapid in patients given glycopyrrolate. In conclusion, glycopyrrolate seems to have advantages over atropine when used during reversal of pancuronium block with neostigmine.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1982
Droperidol (Dehydrobenzperidol): postoperative anti-emetic effect when given intravenously to gynaecological patients.
In a double-blind investigation, comprising 300 gynaecological patients, the prophylactic use of droperidol i.v. at the start of the anaesthesia produced significant reduction in the frequency of nausea and vomiting postoperatively in the first 24 h from 34.4% to 10.3% (P=0.0001). There was no significant difference between the effect of droperidol 2.5 mg and 5 mg (P=0.45). Increased postoperative sedation was the only side-effect of any importance observed; however, this did not result in any increased period of observation in the recovery room, and the majority of patients considered it advantageous. Droperidol is recommended as a prophylactic anti-emetic for selected groups of patients, given as 2.5 mg i.v. at the start of the anaesthesia.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1982
Cardiocirculatory effects of prolonged administration of isoflurane in normocarbic human volunteers.
Effects of the prolonged administration of isoflurane on haemodynamics were studied in 17 healthy volunteers under normocarbic conditions. The anaesthetic was administered for 90 min at a constant alveolar concentration. Cardiac index was unchanged in the presence of decrease stroke volume index and increased heart rate. ⋯ Left ventricular work decreased. The left ventricular ejection time index increased marginally but significantly. Isoflurane caused no change in the pump performance of the heart but depressed the muscle performance.