Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1977
Arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia II: the influence of atropine.
The effect of i.v. atropine premedication on cardiac rhythm was studied in healthy adult patients during thiopental-N2O/O2-halothane anesthesia without intubation. A higher incidnece of arrhythmias was seen in younger patients in close relation to administration of atropine, but the overall incidence during anesthesia was identical in atropine groups and the control groups. ⋯ No consistent changes in blood pressure were observed as the result of arrhythmias or changes in heart rate. It is concluded that atropine should be reserved for situations where severe bradycardia and hypotension occur, or can be expected to occur, and not given automatically, since cardioacceleration which is inherent in its action may be injurious to patients with limited cardiac reserve.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1977
Catheter technique in axillary plexus block. Presentation of a new method.
A flexible, disposable intravenous catheter can be introduced into the neuro-vascular sheath in the axilla and used for injection of local anesthetic solution to block the axillary brachial plexus. The technique is described and the results of the first 137 consecutive catheter blocks are reported and compared to a similarly evaluated series of conventional axillary blocks. The catheter method constitutes an interesting alternative to needle techniques and offers the possibility of a continuous axillary block.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1977
The pressure-flow relations of the canine brain in acute mechanically induced arterial hypertension at different levels of cerebral blood flow.
Cerebral pressure-flow relations were studied in anaesthetized dogs during acute arterial hypertension, induced by compression of the thoracic aorta. In one group of animals steady state measurements were made with the radioactive gas elimination method. ⋯ At low or normal blood flows autoregulation was efficient up to pressures around 180-200 mmHg, while at higher flows the upper autoregulatory pressure limit was found at lower blood pressures. Above the autoregulatory limit-irrespective of the control flow level-there was a rise in blood flow and a decrease in cerebrovascular resistance.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1977
The relationship between disposition and duration of action of congeneric series of steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents.
The renal and hepatic elimination and biotransformation, as well as the relation between disposition and duration of action of pancuronium and two of its analogues, dacuronium and ORG.6368, have been investigated in the cat. In pharmacokinetic studies, appreciable amounts of the latter two compounds were found in the urine, bile and liver 8 h after their intravenous administration. Various proportions of the injected dose of the respective drugs were metabolized. ⋯ The intensity and duration of action of the neuromuscular blocking effect of the three compounds were studied after intravenous and "close" intraarterial injection. On the basis of these pharmacokinetic and neuromuscular studies, it was concluded that the short duration of action of ORG.6368 is due primarily to its early hepatic uptake. The possibility cannot be excluded, however, that differences in the kinetics of the drug action of ORG.6368 and the other two compounds also contributed significantly to the differences seen in the duration of action of these compounds.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1977
Glomerular filtration rate during halothane anaesthesia and epidural analgesia in combination with halothane anaesthesia.
Pre- and peroperative determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was performed in nine patients operated during light halothane anaesthesia (group A) and in nine patients operated during epidural analgesia in combination with light halothane anaesthesia (group B). In group A, the mean GFR decreased insignificantly by 7% and the mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly by 10%. In group B, the mean GFR decreased significantly by 19% and the mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly by 15%. It is suggested that the difference in change in GFR between the two groups was caused by differences in mean arterial blood pressure.