Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1980
Comparative StudyInfluence of the Taurus radiowave blood warmer on human red cells. Hemolysis and erythrocyte ATP and 2,3 DPG concentrations following warming by radiowaves, microwaves and water bath.
The warming properties of the Taurus radiowave blood warmer were studied. The safety limits were the same as for microwave warming (Haemotherm). Hemolysis was noted in units with a hematocrit over 0.75 or containing less than 300 g of blood. ⋯ Warming of blood in a +35 degrees C water bath for 3 min had no effect on these parameters. There was, however, a tendency for ATP and 2,3 DPG levels to decrease after 60 min water bath incubation (+37 and +45 degrees C), but to increase levels following electromagnetic warming depending on the age of the warmed erythrocytes. Thus, electromagnetic radiation appeared to influence the red cell metabolism, which cannot be explained by the effect of temperature alone.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1980
Influence of epidural analgesia on the catecholamine and cyclic AMP responses to surgery.
The effects of neurogenic block on plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cyclic AMP were studied. Eighteen patients were subjected to surgery of moderate or minor extent under enflurance anesthesia with or without epidural analgesia. The results show that adrenaline secretion during surgical stress is a response to neurogenic stimuli, since the increase found in patients subjected to hysterectomy under general anesthesia is blocked by the addition of epidural analgesia. ⋯ In contrast to adrenaline levels, noradrenaline concentrations varied insignificantly during and after surgery. However, the addition of epidural block induced a postoperative increase in noradrenaline apparently unrelated to changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Simultaneous measurements of the catecholamines and cyclic AMP indicate that adrenaline is of minor importance for plasma cyclic AMP in resting patients, whereas the increase in cyclic AMP elicited by surgery reflects adrenaline-stimulated beta-adrenergic activity.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Dec 1979
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of the analgesic dose-effect relationships of nefopam and oxycodone in postoperative pain.
The analgesic dose-effect relationship of nefopam was compared in a double-blind randomised trial with that of oxycodone in immediate postoperative pain. Nefopam 15 mg or oxycodone 4 mg was given every 10 min i.v. (maximum six times) to patients in pain after upper abdominal surgery until their wound pain (scored 0-3) disappeared. The mean pain intensity (PI), initially 2.2 in both groups, descreased by approximately the same extent for up to two doses in both groups (to 1.5 after nefopam 30 mg and to 1.1 after oxycodone 8 mg). ⋯ In the nefopam group, 12 patients (75%) needed further pain relief after the maximal dosage (6 x 15 mg). In these patients, oxycodone (maximally 16 mg) gave satisfactory analgesia. Drowsiness and a decrease in the respiratory rate were the principal side-effects of oxycodone, whereas tachycardia, restlessness, sweating and nausea were more frequent after nefopam.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Dec 1979
Comparative StudyChanges in placental intervillous blood flow measured by the 133xenon method during lumbar epidural block for elective caesarean section.
The effect of lumbar epidural block on placental intervillous blood flow (IBF) was estimated with the i.v. 133Xe method in 24 cases and in 14 controls. All parturients had uneventful pregnancies and were scheduled for elective caesarean section. Lumbar epidural block caused a significant decrease in maternal mean arterial pressure (MAP), when no preloading infusion with a plasma expander was given. ⋯ The IBF decreased to some extent in the non-preloaded group, but increased temporarily in the preloaded group 15 min after the administration of lumbar epidural block. The mean changes of IBF in the non-preloaded and the preloaded groups differed statistically significantly from each other during lumbar epidural block. The IBF of the preloaded group did not differ significantly from the IBF of the control group receiving no lumbar epidural block.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Dec 1979
Artificial ventilation in children during anaesthesia using a tidal volume ventilator.
Standards for artificial pulmonary ventilation at ventilatory frequencies of 15 and 20 cycles per min, (PETCO2 4 +/- 0.5 kPa), were defined in 16 children with healthy lungs and body weights between 2.6 and 22.6 kg. A tidal volume ventilator and balanced anaesthesia were used during abdominal surgery. At f = 20 cycles/min an approximately direct proportionality existed between tidal volume and body weight (VTpat = 12.3 . kg b.w.--2.1, r = 0.99). ⋯ A rectilinear relationship existed between total compliance and kg b.w. (CTOT = 11.2 . kg b.w.--12.5, r = 0.95). The mean value CTOT per kg b.w. was 9.7 +/- 0.54 ml/kPa/kg at f = 20. The endotracheal peak pressure maintained a fairly constant pressure level independent of the initial pressure within the ventilator, the tidal volume and the body weight, a phenomenon explained by the hypothesis that the proportional increase in total lung volume and functional residual capacity in the older children compensated for the higher pressures.