Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in children, adolescents and adults.
Previous pharmacokinetic studies on racemic ketorolac using nonstereoselective analytical methods have indicated that the plasma clearance of ketorolac is higher and the volume of distribution greater in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to study the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of racemic ketorolac in children, adolescents and adults. ⋯ On a pharmacokinetic basis, the maintenance dose requirements of ketorolac are similar in children, adolescents and adults.
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Two young healthy non-asthmatic non-smoking patients developed partial laryngospasm directly post-anaesthesia extubation after routine varicocelectomy and perianal abscess drainage operations under general anaesthesia. Nitroglycerin was administered intravenously in a dose of 4 microg/kg for both cases. The laryngospasm was completely relieved within a minute of nitroglycerin administration in both cases and the relief was maintained thereafter. The two cases suggest that nitroglycerin can be effective in the treatment of post-extubation partial laryngospasm in ASA (class I) patients.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1999
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat.
Increased response to mechanical or cold stimulation of hind paws was observed in rats with partial sciatic nerve injury as a result of photochemically induced ischemia. The present study examined the effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on the allodynia-like responses. ⋯ The present data suggest that intrathecal morphine, and to some extent clonidine, but not baclofen, alleviated the abnormal pain-related behaviors in this new rat model of partial peripheral nerve injury. Differences in the pharmacological profile between the present model and other models of peripheral nerve injury are discussed.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1999
Clinical TrialOpioid rotation in chronic non-malignant pain patients. A retrospective study.
The clinical advantage of opioid rotation is probably due to incomplete cross-tolerance favouring analgesia more than adverse effects. The objectives of opioid rotation in chronic non-malignant patients are 1): rotation between different long-acting opioids (LAO) to improve analgesia and reduce side-effects, and 2): rotation from short-acting opioids (SAO) to LAO to establish stable analgesia in order to minimise withdrawal symptoms, risk of tolerance and addiction. ⋯ Opioid rotations between different LAO resulted in better pain control and fewer side-effects at dose levels predicted to be equianalgesic. The majority of the patients rotated from SAO to LAO obtained improved analgesia, but the cost was a 74% increase in the opioid dose.