Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1995
Resistance to atracurium in rats with experimental inflammation: role of protein binding.
The influence of altered protein binding on the neuromuscular effect of atracurium has been studied in rats with experimental inflammation induced by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil. Doses of atracurium ranging from 0.45 to 1.5 mg.kg-1 were administered to control (n = 30) and to experimental inflammation induced rats (n = 30). Neuromuscular transmission was monitored by recording the twitch tension of the tibialis-anterior muscle elicited by stimulation of the sciatic nerve. ⋯ For equipotent doses ED95 (defined as the effective dose eliciting 95% of maximum effect), no differences were found in recovery time and duration of action between the two groups of rats. Mucoproteins levels (index of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and protein binding were significantly increased in rats with experimental inflammation as compared to control rats. Based on these results, altered serum protein binding of atracurium appears to be responsible, at least in part, for the resistance to atracurium.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1995
Editorial CommentTime for revivification of paravertebral blocks?
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of ephedrine on oxygen consumption and cardiac output.
Bolus doses of ephedrine are often used by anaesthesiologists for intraoperative hypotension. This randomized single-blind cross-over study was designed to simultaneously evaluate circulatory, respiratory and metabolic effects of intravenously given ephedrine in 12 healthy male volunteers. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide excretion were measured with indirect calorimetry and non-invasive transthoracic electrical bioimpedance was used for cardiac output measurements. ⋯ There were no significant changes in the quotient between oxygen uptake rate and cardiac index, VO2/CI during the 30 min study period. The O2 saturation was not altered. The present study indicates that ephedrine increases oxygen demand and supply in a similar magnitude.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1995
Reperfusion after cardioplegic cardiac arrest--effects on intracoronary leucocyte elastase release and oxygen free radical mediated lipid peroxidation.
In experimental animal models reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium causes sequestration of leucocytes within the coronary circulation. Leucocytes contribute to postischaemic myocardial injury by releasing proteolytic enzymes and by generating oxygen free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether leucocytes also contribute to myocardial injury following ischaemia and reperfusion associated with cardioplegic cardiac arrest. ⋯ Neither elastase nor malondialdehyde concentrations in coronary sinus blood differed significantly from arterial or central venous blood at any time point measured. Our data demonstrated increased elastase concentrations during cardiopulmonary bypass, but we did not find enhance intracoronary elastase release or myocardial during cardiopulmonary bypass, but we did not find enhanced intracoronary elastase release or myocardial lipid peroxidation. Our data suggest that patients are sufficiently protected from leucocyte mediated ischaemia reperfusion injury during uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardioplegic arrest.