Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery
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Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · Jan 1990
Fracture incidence and bone mineral density of the distal radius in Japanese children.
The incidence of fractures of the distal radius in Japanese persons under 20 years of age was determined, and the bone mineral density of the radius was measured in 236 healthy Japanese children. The peak incidence of fractures occurred at 13 years of age (807 per 100,000) in boys and at 11 (300 per 100,000) in girls. ⋯ The age at the peak incidence of fractures thus coincided with the age at which the metaphyseal/diaphyseal density ratio was lowest. Thus, it is suggested that low bone mineral density at the metaphysis may be the cause of the high incidence of these fractures in adolescence.
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Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · Jan 1990
Effect of direct-current stimulation on the growth plate. In vivo study with rabbits.
Electrical stimulation of 8 microA direct current was applied to the femoral distal growth plate of young rabbits for periods of 1, 2, and 3 weeks to examine the effect on bone growth. The results were analyzed using X-ray measurement, histological observation including tetracycline labeling, and glycosaminoglycans analysis. No obvious differences between the stimulated side and the control side were observed in the morphological and biochemical studies, but characteristic thickening of the growth plate caused by the accumulation of hypertrophic cells was found in the group stimulated for 2 weeks. Electricity affects the cell behavior of the growth plate, but it is necessary to find more appropriate conditions to stimulate obvious bone growth.
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Animal studies can provide important information in the evaluation of new techniques and prosthetic designs in orthopedics. As a prerequisite they must parallel as closely as possible the human conditions they are modeling. An arthritic sheep model simulating the human clinical situation has previously been designed and reported by Phillips and Gurr. ⋯ Only one of the 12 cases showed postoperative avascularity of the femoral head. Radiologic follow-up and histologic examination showed features consistently and strikingly similar to those seen in human practice. The sheep hip with simulated arthritis provides a sensitive, clinically reproducible model for the future study of other arthroplasty types and problems.
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The authors present an experimental study of 30 rats, in which human dura mater preserved in glycerin was used to repair gaps in the Achilles tendon. The animals were killed 8 weeks after the surgery and evaluated by gross and microscopic examination. The results showed that the dura mater did not cause foreign-body reactions or adhesions and was surrounded by concentric layers of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, suggesting that it could be employed as a substitute for damaged tendons.
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Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · Jan 1989
ReviewPost-traumatic osteomyelitis. Pathophysiology and management.
Osteomyelitis is one of the most severe complications that can arise following operative treatment of bone. It requires a long-term treatment. The patient can never be sure that it heals completely. ⋯ Stabilization is achieved by means of an external fixator. Once the fracture area has been cleaned, cancellous bone grafting is done once, twice, or even more frequently. For wound closure it is necessary to rotate muscle groups, to cover the bone with dermatomic skin, or to use microvascular flaps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)