Current opinion in ophthalmology
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Despite the impressive results of recent artificial intelligence applications to general ophthalmology, comparatively less progress has been made toward solving problems in pediatric ophthalmology using similar techniques. This article discusses the unique needs of pediatric patients and how artificial intelligence techniques can address these challenges, surveys recent applications to pediatric ophthalmology, and discusses future directions. ⋯ Artificial intelligence applications could significantly benefit clinical care by optimizing disease detection and grading, broadening access to care, furthering scientific discovery, and improving clinical efficiency. These methods need to match or surpass physician performance in clinical trials before deployment with patients. Owing to the widespread use of closed-access data sets and software implementations, it is difficult to directly compare the performance of these approaches, and reproducibility is poor. Open-access data sets and software could alleviate these issues and encourage further applications to pediatric ophthalmology.
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In this review, we will discuss the recent developments in optogenetics and their potential applications in ophthalmology to restore vision in retinal degenerative diseases. ⋯ These recent findings show that novel optogenetic tools and viral vectors for ocular gene delivery are now available providing many opportunities to develop potential optogenetic strategies for vision restoration.
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This article reviews the pertinent perioperative, intraoperative, and short- and long-term postoperative risks associated with general anesthesia in children undergoing ocular surgery. ⋯ All surgeons should be aware of current practices in pediatric anesthetic care, as well as the immediate- and long-term risks of general anesthesia. Ophthalmologists with pediatric patients should be aware of the potentially life-threatening conditions associated with general anesthesia. Additionally, the relative lifelong risks and benefits of general anesthetic exposure should be considered when recommending surgery, especially in light of the child's age, health status, and necessity of multiple anesthetic events.