Phlebology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Internal jugular and vertebral vein volume flow in patients with clinically isolated syndrome or mild multiple sclerosis and healthy controls: results from a prospective sonographer-blinded study.
We evaluated internal jugular vein and vertebral vein volume flow using ultrasound, in patients with clinically isolated syndrome or mild multiple sclerosis and controls, to determine whether volume flow was different between the two groups. ⋯ Our findings further refute the concept of venous obstruction as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Control volume flow data may provide useful normative reference values.
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The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and to evaluate the associated risk factors. ⋯ Silent pulmonary embolism occurred frequently in patients with deep venous thrombosis in lower limbs. The right side, the proximal location of the thrombus, unprovoked venous thrombosis and coexisting heart diseases increased the risk for the occurrence of silent pulmonary embolism.
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Perforation of the inferior vena cava by filters struts is a known complication. The goal of our review is to assess the impact of inferior vena cava perforation by filters based on an open, voluntary national database. ⋯ Inferior vena cava perforation by filters remains stable over the studied years despite increasing numbers of adverse events reported. The majority of filters involved in a perforation were retrievable. Filter retrieval, regardless of inferior vena cava wall perforation, is feasible and must be attempted whenever possible in order to avoid complications.
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Review Case Reports
Catheter-directed thrombolysis for double inferior vena cava with deep venous thrombosis: A case report and literature review.
Double inferior vena cava (DIVC) with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is rare, and there is only one reported case of DIVC with DVT treated by catheter-directed thrombolysis. We report a case of a 32-year-old man with an extensive venous clot involving the infrarenal segment of a double IVC who received filter implantation and catheter-directed thrombolysis.
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An increasing number of phlebological interventions are performed under local and tumescent anesthesia. Although the modern local anesthetic agents are generally perceived as being effective and safe drugs, the administration of these drugs may be associated with a number of adverse events. It is therefore mandatory that everyone who uses these compounds has insight into the pharmacological actions of these drugs and is capable of recognizing and adequately treating potential adverse events. The present narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on mechanisms of action of the most important local anesthetic drugs and reviews the potential adverse effects as well as their treatment.